Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and associations with offspring size at birth and adiposity: a cohort study

Table 2 Associations between folic acid supplementation status in pregnancy and indices of offspring size at birth

Measure	No maternal Folic acid supplementation	Maternal Folic acid supplementation	Standardised β (×100)	p-value
Weight (kg)	3.5 (3.4–3.6) (n = 172)	3.5 (3.5–3.5) (n = 689)	− 0.3 (− 5.9 to 5.2)	0.9
Length (cm)^a	51.5 (51.2–51.8) (n = 165)	51.4 (51.3–51.6) (n = 674)	− 1.3 (− 6.3 to 3.6)	0.6
Head Circumference (cm)^a	35.3 (35.1–35.5) (n = 166)	35.3 (35.2–35.4) (n = 674)	0.6 (− 4.3 to 5.5)	0.8
BMI (kg/m²)^a	13.1 (12.9–13.3) (n = 165)	13.2 (13.1–13.3) (n = 672)	1.0 (− 4.4 to 6.3)	0.7
Ponderal Index (kg/m³)^a	25.5 (25.1–25.9) (n = 165)	25.7 (25.5–25.8) (n = 672)	2.0 (− 3.2 to 7.1)	0.5
Flank skinfold thickness (mm)^a	6.2 (6.0–6.5) (n = 166)	6.1 (6.0–6.2) (n = 673)	− 2.9 (− 8.8 to 3.5)	0.4
Quadriceps skinfold thickness (mm)^a	8.0 (7.6–8.3) (n = 166)	8.0 (7.8–8.1) (n = 673)	− 0.4 (− 5.8 to 5.0)	0.9
Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm)^a	5.4 (5.2–5.6) (n = 166)	5.4 (5.3–5.5) (n = 673)	− 2.0 (− 8.1 to 4.1)	0.5
Triceps skinfold thickness (mm)^a	5.5 (5.3–5.7) (n = 166)	5.5 (5.4–5.6) (n = 673)	0.8 (− 5.4 to 7.1)	0.8

Data and standardised βs are presented as mean (95% confidence interval)
All models adjusted for gestational age at birth, parity, smoking during pregnancy, offspring sex and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI
^aModels additionally adjusted for age at assessment

ISSN: 1756-0500