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Table 2 Associations between chronic stress or sleeping habits and GI symptoms during the past 2 weeks

From: Chronic stress and poor sleeping habits are associated with self-reported IBS and poor psychological well-being in the general population

 

No symptoms N = 2189 (82.7%)

Symptoms N = 459 (17.3%)

Crude OR 95% CI

P-value

Adjusted OR 95% CI

P-value

Chronic stress 1 year

 No (reference)

59.6

43.6

1.000

 

1.000

 

 Yes

40.1

56.2

1.918 (1.565–2.351)

 < 0.001

1.510 (1.201–1.897)

 < 0.001

 Missing

0.4

0.2

    

Chronic stress 5 years

 No (reference)

64.1

52.5

1.000

 

1.000

 

 Yes

35.3

46.4

1.604 (1.308–1.967)

 < 0.001

1.435 (1.137–1.812)

0.002

 Missing

0.6

1.1

    

Sleeping quality

 Very good (reference)

27.9

23.1

1.000

 

1.000

 

 Good

35.4

32.0

1.092 (0.832–1.432)

0.525

1.180 (0.874–1.547)

0.279

 Average

26.4

31.4

1.439 (1.092–1.895)

0.010

1.349 (1.082–1.941)

0.059

 Bad

8.9

11.3

1.545 (1.068–2.235)

0.021

1.231 (1.007–2.243)

0.361

 Very bad

1.1

2.0

2.256 (1.016–5.008)

0.046

1.983 (1.040–5.389)

0.170

 Missing

0.4

0.2

    

Sleeping onset difficulty

 Never or rarely (reference)

44.4

38.6

1.000

 

1.000

 

 < 1 per week

29.7

27.0

1.048 (0.816–1.345)

0.715

0.895 (0.676–1.185)

0.439

 1–2 per week

16.6

19.6

1.362 (1.028–1.803)

0.031

1.228 (0.893–1.688)

0.207

 3–6 per week

5.1

6.8

1.520 (0.990–2.334)

0.056

1.207 (0.731–1.922)

0.462

 Almost every night

3.7

7.6

2.344 (1.529–3.592)

 < 0.001

1.680 (0.984–2.870)

0.057

 Missing

0.5

0.4

    

Sleeping hours per day

  ≤ 5 (reference)

6.2

7.6

1.000

 

1.000

 

 6

22.8

23.5

0.849 (0.555–1.299)

0.450

0.815 (0.522–1.273)

0.369

 7

44.5

38.1

0.703 (0.469–1.053)

0.087

0.683 (0.446–1.047)

0.080

 8

21.0

22.4

0.878 (0.572–1.348)

0.553

0.826 (0.524–1.300)

0.408

 9

4.3

6.5

1.249 (0.718–2.174)

0.431

0.942 (0.505–1.757)

0.850

  ≥ 10

0.8

1.5

1.522 (0.589–3.931)

0.385

0.992 (0.332–2.963)

0.988

 Missing

0.4

0.2

    

Wake-up frequency

 Never or rarely (reference)

31.2

25.1

1.000

 

1.000

 

  < 1 per week

23.4

24.0

1.273 (0.957–1.694)

0.097

1.381 (1.027–1.871)

0.046

 1–2 per week

18.5

19.8

1.334 (0.987–1.804)

0.060

1.352 (0.964–1.835)

0.081

 3–6 per week

12.3

16.1

1.628 (1.177–2.251)

0.003

1.679 (1.144–2.279)

0.006

 Almost every night

14.1

14.4

1.273 (0.914–1.772)

0.154

1.060 (0.814–1.681)

0.781

 Missing

0.5

0.7

    
  1. GI, Gastrointestinal. OR, Odds Ratio. CI, Confidence Interval. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, occupation, and smoking. Values are presented as percentages and OR and 95% CI. P-values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant