Fig. 3

Effect of equine placental extract on the expression of EMT marker and development of PVR -related genes in TNF-α and TGF-β2 treated ARPE-19 cells. The expression levels of the epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype marker genes were determined using qPCR analysis. Cells were treated with TNF-α and TGF-β2 in the presence or absence (control group) of 4 mg/mL ePE..a epithelial marker genes (E-cadherin, ZO-1, Krt18), b mesenchymal genes (fibronectin, N-cadherin, and vimentin), c development of PVR-related genes (Col1a1 and Mmp-2). The results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3), for three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus corresponding no treatment (none group), ^†p < 0.05, ^††p < 0.01 versus corresponding treatment with TNF-α and TGF-β2 in the absence of ePE. ^##p < 0.01, versus corresponding treatment with TNF-α and TGF-β2 in the presence of ePE