Table 1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics
All patients (n = 27) | |
|---|---|
Age, years | 46 (37–55) |
Male | 21 (78) |
BSA, m2 | 1.67 (1.59–1.76) |
Etiology of heart failure | |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 16 (59) |
Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 7 (26) |
Dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 1 (3.7) |
Post-myocarditis dilated cardiomyopathy | 1 (3.7) |
Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis | 1 (3.7) |
Lupus myocarditis | 1 (3.7) |
Comorbidities | |
Hypertension | 7 (26) |
Diabetes mellitus | 5 (19) |
Dyslipidemia | 7 (26) |
Atrial fibrillation | 0 (0) |
COPD | 0 (0) |
Medical therapy | |
ACEis/ARBs | 21 (78) |
Beta-blockers | 24 (89) |
MRAs | 23 (85) |
Loop diuretics | 17 (63) |
Laboratory measurements | |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.1 (10.6–13.4) |
Sodium, mEq/L | 139 (137–140) |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.82 (0.74–0.98) |
BNP, pg/mL | 73.8 (51.9–165.8) |
hs-CRP, mg/dL | 0.17 (0.09–0.43) |
Echocardiography | |
LVDD, mm | 56.8 (47.5–64.1) |
LVEF, % | 23.2 (12.0–34.1) |
E/e' | 13.7 (8.1–17.3) |
Moderate or severe mitral regurgitation | 2 (7.4) |
Cardiac catheterization | |
HR, beats/min | 75 (69–81) |
Mean ABP, mmHg | 76 (72–81) |
RAP, mmHg | 6 (3–8) |
Mean PAP, mmHg | 16 (13–18) |
PCWP, mmHg | 9 (5–10) |
Total CO, L/min | 4.6 (4.1–5.3) |
RVSWI, g m/m2/beat | 4.1 (3.5–6.0) |
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing | |
Exercise time, min | 7.0 (5.5–7.5) |
Workload, watts | 73 (59–83) |
Rest HR, beats/min | 76 (71–86) |
Peak HR, beats/min | 130 (108–152) |
Rest SBP, mmHg | 89 (81–94) |
Peak SBP, mmHg | 107 (95–119) |
Peak VO2, mL/kg/min | 13.2 (11.8–16.3) |
Peak RER | 1.30 (1.21–1.41) |
CT volumetry | |
Spleen volume, mL | 190 (148–221) |
LVAD parameters | |
Pump speed, rpm | 8800 (8600–9200) |
Pump power, watts | 6.0 (5.4–6.4) |
Pump flow, L/min | 4.9 (4.3–5.4) |
Pulsatility index | 5.6 (4.2–6.0) |