Fig. 2

Alpha diversity and beta diversity of Pre-PBX, 10-day-PBX, Pre-ABX-PBX, and 10-day-ABX-PBX stool samples of mice (n = 5–6/group). All diversity analyses were performed in QIIME2. Within-sample diversities were measured by Faith’s phylogenic diversity (A), **P < 0.01, 10-day-ABX-PBX vs. Pre ABX-PBX, Pre-PBX, and 10-day-PBX groups; observed amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) (B), **P < 0.01, 10-day-ABX-PBX vs. Pre ABX-PBX, Pre-PBX, and 10-day-PBX groups; and Pielou’s evenness (C), **P < 0.01, 10-day-ABX-PBX vs. Pre ABX-PBX and 10-day-PBX groups, *P < 0.05, 10-day-ABX-PBX vs. Pre-PBX group. Between-sample dissimilarities were measured by Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) based on weighted UniFrac distances (D), and the clustering of 10-day-ABX-PBX group was significantly different (**P < 0.01) from Pre ABX-PBX, 10-day-PBX and Pre-PBX groups