Table 1 Different green synthesized plant parts with their corresponding morphologies
Plant name | Plant part | Synthesized size | Morphology | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Fruit peels | Plantain peel | 30–50 nm | Spherical | [15] |
|  | Punica Granatum (pomegranates) | Diameter = 40 nm Length = above 200 nm | Rod | [16] |
|  | Rambutan | 100–200 nm | Agglomerated, spinel | [17] |
|  | Ananas comosus | 10–16 nm | Agglomerated, spherical | [18] |
| Â | Citrullus lanatus | Less than 17Â nm | Agglomerated, spherical | [19] |
|  | Citrus aurantium | 17–25 nm | Slightly elongated | [20] |
|  | Punica granatum | – | Slightly rod-shaped | [20] |
|  | Malus domestica | – | Spherical | [20] |
|  | Citrus limon | – | Spherical | [20] |
Fruit | Passiflora tripartita (Banana passionfruit) | 18.2–24.7 nm | Spherical | [21] |
|  | Averrhoa carambola | 1.9–3.1 nm | Spherical | [22] |
|  | Lemon | 14–17 nm | Spherical | [23] |
|  | Couroupita guianensis | 17 ± 10 nm | Spherical | [24] |
Leaf | Carob | 4–8 nm | Well monodisperse | [25] |
|  | Tridax procumbens | – | Irregular shape—rough surfaces | [26] |
|  | Artemisia annua | 3–10 nm | Spherical | [27] |
| Â | Caricaya papaya | 33Â nm (from XRD) | Agglomerated plate like structure with coarsened grains and capsule like | [28] |
| Â | Perilla frutescens | Approx. 50Â nm | Spherical | [27] |
|  | Euphorbia wallichii | 10–15 nm | Spherical | [29] |
|  | Green tea | 5.7 ± 4.1 nm | Spherical | [30] |
|  | Zea mays L. (ear leaves) | – | Aggregated spherical | [31] |
|  | Sesbania grandiflora | 25–60 nm | Agglomerated nonspherical | [32] |
|  | Rubus glaucus Benth | 40–70 nm | Aggregated spherical | [33] |
|  | Calliandra haematocephala | Approx. 85.4– 87.9 nm | Bead-like spherical | [34] |
|  | Lagenaria siceraria | 30–100 nm | cubical | [35] |
Seed | Grape seed proanthocyanidin | Approx. 30Â nm | Irregular shape | [36] |
|  | Syzygium cumini | 9–20 nm | Agglomerated spherical | [37] |
Plant | Soya bean sprouts | Approx. 8Â nm | Spherical | [38] |
|  | Aloe vera | 93–227 nm | Spherical | [39] |
|  | Aloe vera | Approx. 6–30 nm | Agglomerated irregular | [40] |
Marine plant | Sargassum muticum (Japanese weed) | 18 ± 4 nm | Cubical | [41] |
|  | Kappaphycus alvarezii | 14.7 ± 1.8 nm | Spherical | [42] |
|  | Padina pavonica | 10–19.5 nm | Spherical | [43] |
|  | Sargassum acinarium | 21.6–27.4 nm | Spherical | [43] |
Root | Mimosa pudica (sensitive grass) | 60–80 nm | Agglomerated rough spherical | [44] |
Stolon | Potato | 40 ± 2.2 nm | Cubic | [45] |
Waste | Tea residue | 5–25 nm | Cuboid/pyramid | [46] |
|  | Rice straw | 9.9 ± 2.4 nm | Aggregated spherical | [47] |
|  | Coffee waste hydrochar | 10–40 nm | Spherical | [48] |
|  | Acacia mearnsii (biochar) | 18–35 nm | Uneven | [49] |
Gum | Arabic gum | 70–80 nm | Spherical | [50] |