Table 1 Frequency, bivariate, and multivariate analysis of risk factors for OSD and OCD development among traditional batik workers in Yogyakarta
Variables | Frequency | Bivariate Model | Multivariate Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Prevalence Ratio (PR; 95% CI) | P-value | Odd Ratio (OR; 95% CI) | P-value | |
Occupational Skin Disease (OSD) | ||||||
Gender | 0.00 | - | - | |||
Male | 31 (53.4%) | 53 (32%) | 2.41 (1.30–4.43) | 1.88 (0.91–3.90) | 0.09 | |
Female | 27 (46.6%) | 111 (68%) | - | – | – | |
Age group | 0.30 | – | – | |||
18–40 years | 16 (27.6%) | 72 (43.9%) | 0.6 (0.15–1.99) | – | – | |
41–60 years | 38 (31.4%) | 82 (50%) | 1.16 (0.34–3.9) | – | – | |
≥ 61 years | 4 (6.9%) | 10 (6.1%) | Ref | – | – | |
History of atopy | 0.29 | – | – | |||
Yes | 32 (40.3%) | 48 (33.1%) | 1.23 (0.85–1.77) | – | – | |
No | 47 (59.7%) | 97 (66.9%) | - | – | – | |
Working duration daily | 0.00 | – | – | |||
≥ 8 h | 32 (55.2%) | 53 (32.3%) | 2.58 (1.39–4.75) | 2.35 (1.22–4.68) | 0.00 | |
< 8 h | 26 (44.8%) | 111 (67.7%) | - | – | – | |
Length of work experience as batik artisan | 0.04 | – | – | |||
≥ 10 years | 44 (75.9%) | 91 (55.5%) | 2.01 (1.01–3.61) | 1.78 (0.73–4.2) – | 0.20 – | |
< 10 years | 14 (24.1%) | 73 (44.5%) | - | |||
Type of work All processes | 15 (25.9%) | 23 (14%) | 1.75 (0.84–3.7) | 0.04 | – 1.59 (0.67–4.5) | – 0.32 |
Wet process | 15 (25.9%) | 33 (20%) 108 | 2.51 (1.16–5.44) | 3.12 (1.07–5.32) | 0.03 | |
Dry process | 28 (48.3%) | (66%) | Ref | – | - | |
The use of PPE | 0.4 | – | - | |||
Not always | 43 (74.1%) | 121 (74%) | 0.77 (0.41–1.43) | – | – | |
Always | 15 (25.9%) | 43 (26%) | - | – | – | |
Occupational Contact Dermatitis (OCD) | ||||||
Gender | 0.00 | – | – | |||
Male | 19 (82.6%) | 65 (32.7%) | 9.79 (3.2–29.57) | 6.22 (1.57–24.62) | 0.009 | |
Female | 4 (17.4%) | 134 (67.3% | - | – | – | |
Age group | 0.77 | – | – | |||
18–40 years | 10 (43.5%) | 78 (39.2%) | 0.77 (0.15–3.95) | – | – | |
41–60 years | 11 (47.8%) | 109 (54.8%) | 0.61 (0.12–3.06) | – | - | |
≥ 61 years | 2 (8.7%) | 12 (6%) | Ref | – | – | |
History of atopi | 0.03 | – | – | |||
Yes | 14 (60.9%) | 71 (37.2%) | 1.68 (1.12–2.52) | 5.10 (1.71–15.26) | 0.004 | |
No | 9 (39.1%) | 128 (64.3%) | - | – | – | |
Working duration daily | 0.32 | - | – | |||
≥ 8 h | 11 (47.8%) | 74 (37.2%) | 0.96 (0.27–3.44) | – | – | |
< 8 h | 12 (52.2%) | 125 (62.8%) | - | – | – | |
Length of work experience as batik artisan | 0.65 | – | ||||
≥ 10 years | 15 (65.2%) | 120 (60.3%) | 1.23 (0.50–3.05) | – | - | |
< 10 years | 8 (34.8%) | 79 (39.7%) | - | – | – | |
Type of work | 0.00 | - | – | |||
All processes | 7 (30.4%) | 31 (15.6%) | 7.45 (2.05–27.05) | 19.12 (3.47–86.48) | 0.011 | |
Wet process | 12 (52.2%) | 36 (18.1%) | 11.0 (3.35–36.16) | 29.09 (3.47–123.7) | 0.002 | |
Dry process | 4 (39.6%) | 132 (66.3%) | Ref | – | – | |
The use of PPE | 0.31 | – | - | |||
Not always | 14 (60.9%) | 150 (75.4%) | 0.73 (0.21–1.22) | – | – | |
Always | 9 (39.1%) | 49 (24.6%) | - | – | – | |