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Table 1 Grading systems to describe macroscopic changes in the equine carpal osteochondral fragment model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis

From: A detailed macroscopic scoring system for experimental post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in the equine middle carpal joint

Score

Region

Range

Parameter

0

1

2

3

4

New CEqCOAS

Cartilage of each carpal bone

(RCB, ICB, UCB, 2CB, 3CB, 4CB)

Each: 0–12

Total (= CEqTCS): 0–72

Severity of erosions

None

Partial-thickness erosions, each < 5 mm

Partial-thickness erosions, each > 5 mm

Partial-thickness erosions, each > 5 mm

 

Extent of erosions

None

1–25% of the cartilage surface

26–50% of the cartilage surface

51–75% of the cartilage surface

76–100% of the cartilage surface

Osteochondral fragment

0–4

Healing and erosions

Full healing with integration with surrounding cartilage (no visible fragment)

Healing non-complete, demarcating border, healthy cartilage around fragment

Fragment attached, mild erosions around fragment

Fragment attached but with severe erosions around fragment

Defect not attached and severe erosions around defect

Synovial membrane

0–6

Hyperemia

Absent

Mild (only at ac-site)

Moderate

Severe

 

Hyperplasia

Absent

Mild (only at ac-site)

Moderate

Severe

 

Existing OARSI cartilage score

Entire middle carpal joint

0–4

 

No gross fibrillation/ fissuring

Very superficial erosion with articular cartilage swelling

Partial-thickness erosions

Partial and full-thickness erosions

Extensive full-thickness erosions to the level of subchondral bone

  1. In the new macroscopic scoring system, severity and extent of cartilage erosions are scored and multiplied, and a total cartilage pathology score (the CEqTCS, range 0–72) for the joint is calculated as the sum of the products for each carpal bone. Synovial hyperemia and hyperplasia are scored separately and summed (total synovium score, rang 0–6). The osteochondral fragment of the RC is scored and reported separately (range 0–4)
  2. CEqCOAS Copenhagen Equine Carpal Osteoarthritis Score, CEqTCS Copenhagen Equine Total Cartilage Score, RCB radial carpal bone, ICB intermediate carpal bone, UCB ulnar carpal bone, 2CB second carpal bone, 3CB third carpal bone, 4CB fourth carpal bone, OARSI the Osteoarthritis Research Society International, ac arthrocentesis