Income disparities in driving distance to health care infrastructure in the United States: a geographic information systems analysis

Table 1 Metropolitan Counties with Significant Disparities in Access to Health Care Facilities at the 1 Mile Threshold

County Name	State	Population	Proportion of non-low-income population with distance > 1 mi (%)	Proportion of low-income population with distance > 1 mi (%)	Odds ratio of distance > 1 mi for low-income vs. non-low-income
Dallas	Texas	2,635,516	39	44	1.18 (1.12, 1.14)
Collin	Texas	1,034,730	37	42	1.21 (1.07, 1.24)
San Francisco	California	881,549	2	4	1.93 (1.43, 1.94)
Hidalgo	Texas	868,707	60	67	1.35 (1.22, 1.34)
El Paso	Texas	839,238	42	45	1.11 (1.02, 1.14)
Richmond	Virginia	230,436	26	31	1.32 (1.08, 1.34)
Clay	Florida	219,252	73	80	1.48 (1.14, 1.44)
Monroe	Pennsylvania	170,271	81	86	1.41 (1.05, 1.44)
Guadalupe	Texas	166,847	68	76	1.50 (1.12, 1.54)
Ector	Texas	166,223	51	57	1.27 (1.02, 1.24)
Coweta	Gorgia	148,509	76	83	1.49 (1.08, 1.44)
Hardin	Kentucky	110,958	60	67	1.39 (1.05, 1.34)

The table lists counties categorized as metropolitan by the National Center for Health Statistics Urban–Rural Classification Scheme for Counties, with a population of at least 10,000 people, and where low-income residents had a significantly higher risk of having a driving distance > 1 mile to the nearest health care facility, compared to non-low-income residents. Low income was defined as household income < 200% Federal Poverty Level. Counties were ranked by decreasing population

ISSN: 1756-0500