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Table 3 Main and interaction effects of the repeated measures ANOVA per outcome measure

From: Effect of arm movement and task difficulty level on balance performance in healthy children: are there sex differences?

Test/Outcome

Main effects

Interaction effects

Arm

Sex

Arm × sex

Arm × sex × task difficulty

OLS test

    

 OLS time; EO, FI (s)

0.328 (0.03)

0.904 (0.01)

0.063 (0.09)

0.749 (0.01)

 OLS time; EC, FI (s)

0.588 (0.01)

0.314 (0.03)

0.527 (0.01)

 OLS time; EO, FO (s)

0.209 (0.04)

0.954 (0.01)

0.542 (0.01)

 OLS time; EC, FO (s)

0.004 (0.20)*

0.216 (0.04)

0.977 (0.01)

3-m beam walking backward test

    

 6-cm beam walk (steps)

0.052 (0.10)*

0.998 (0.01)

0.236 (0.04)

0.893 (0.01)

 4.5-cm beam walk (steps)

0.006 (0.18)*

0.650 (0.01)

0.254 (0.03)

 3-cm beam walk (steps)

< 0.001 (0.44)*

0.249 (0.04)

0.268 (0.03)

YBT-UQ test

    

 YBT-LQ: AT reach (% LL)

< 0.001 (0.36)*

0.237 (0.04)

0.108 (0.07)

 YBT-LQ: PM reach (% LL)

< 0.001 (0.38)*

0.275 (0.03)

0.640 (0.01)

 YBT-LQ: PL reach (% LL)

0.001 (0.26)*

0.544 (0.01)

0.947 (0.01)

 YBT-LQ: CS (% LL)

< 0.001 (0.53)*

0.319 (0.03)

0.399 (0.02)

  1. Values are p-values and effect sizes (ηp2) in brackets. 0.02 ≤ ηp2 ≤ 0.12 indicates small, 0.13 ≤ ηp2 ≤ 0.25 indicates medium, and ηp2 ≥ 0.26 indicates large effects
  2. AT, anterior; CS, composite score; EC, eyes closed; EO, eyes opened; FI, firm ground; FO, foam ground; LL, leg length; OLS, One-Legged-Stance test; PL, posterolateral; PM, posteromedial; YBT-LQ, Lower Quarter Y Balance test
  3. *Indicates significant (p < .0.05) performance difference in favor of free arm movement