Table 1 Association between viral load, antiretroviral adherence profile and the adoption of COVID-19 pandemic preventive behaviour status among PLHIV during the first wave of the pandemic (N = 680)
Variables | Total N = 680 n (%) | Physical Distancing | Face mask | Handwashing | Work remotely | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No 221(32.5%) n (%) | Yes 459(67.5%) n (%) | AOR; 95% CI; p value | No 99(14.6%) n (%) | Yes 581(85.4%) n (%) | AOR; 95% CI; p value | No 132(19.4%) n (%) | Yes 548(80.6%) n (%) | AOR; 95% CI; p value | No 540(79.4%) n (%) | Yes 140 (20.6) n (%) | AOR; 95% CI; p value | ||
Viral load | |||||||||||||
Undetectable Detectable | 488 (71.8) 192 (28.2) | 157 (32.2) 64 (33.3) | 331 (67.8) 128 (66.7) | 1 1.06; 0.72–1.55; p = 0.74 | 56 (11.5) 43 (22.4) | 432 (88.5) 149 (77.6) | 1 0.44; 0.28–0.69;p < 0.01 | 86 (17.6) 46 (24.0) | 402 (82.4) 146 (76.0) | 1 0.64; 0.42–0.97;p = 0.03 | 389 (79.7) 151 (78.6) | 99 (20.3) 41 (21.4) | 1 0.99; 0.64–1.53; p = 0.98 |
Adherence | |||||||||||||
to ART No Yes | 151 (22.2) 529 (77.8) | 53 (35.1) 168 (31.8) | 98 (64.9) 361 (68.2) | 1 1.04; 0.69–1.58; p = 0.83 | 23 (15.2) 76 (14.4) | 128 (84.8) 453 (85.6) | 1 0.99; 0.57–0.71;p = 0.98 | 30 (19.9) 102 (19.3) | 121 (80.1) 427 (80.7) | 1 1.11; 0.69–1.81;p = 0.65 | 107 (70.9) 433 (81.9) | 44 (29.1) 96 (18.1) | 1 0.60; 0.38–0.94; p = 0.02 |
Age | 39.9 (11.3) | 39.1 (11.6) | 40.3 (11.2) | 1.01; 1.00-1.03; p = 0.38 | 40.9 (11.3) | 39.7 (11.3) | 0.99; 0.97-1.00;p = 0.51 | 39.3 (10.1) | 40.0 (11.6) | 1.07; 0.98–1.02; p = 0.46 | 39.6 (11.6) | 40.8 (10.3) | 1.01; 0.99–1.03; p = 0.17 |
Sex | |||||||||||||
Male Female Intersex Decline to answer | 277 (40.8) 395 (58.1) 3 (0.4) 5 (0.7) | 89 (32.1) 129 (32.7) 2 (66.7) 1 (20.0) | 188 (67.9) 266 (67.3) 1 (33.3) 4 (80.0) | 1 0.97; 0.69–1.38; p = 0.89 0.67; 0.04–9.71; p = 0.77 1.72; 0.18–15.82; p = 0.62 | 40 (14.4) 56 (14.2) 1 (33.3) 2 (40.0) | 237 (85.6) 339 (85.8) 2 (66.7) 3 (60.0) | 1 0.94; 0.59–0.48;p = 0.80 0.56; 0.03–0.87;p = 0.68 0.20; 0.03–0.29;p = 0.09 | 48 (17.3) 82 (20.8) 1 (33.3) 1 (20.0) | 229 (82.7) 313 (79.2) 2 (66.7) 4 (80.0) | 1 0.81; 0.54–1.22;p = 0.32 0.53; 0.03–7.87;p = 0.64 0.96; 0.10–8.94;p = 0.97 | 217 (78.3) 316 (80.0) 2 (66.7) 5 (100.0) | 60 (21.7) 79 (20.0) 1 (33.3) 0 (0.0) | 1 0.93; 0.63–1.39; p = 0.75 3.30; 0.22–49.46; p = 0.38 Not calculated (p = 0.99) |
Educational level | |||||||||||||
No formal Primary Secondary Tertiary | 24 (3.5) 57 (8.4) 239 (35.1) 360 (52.9) | 20 (83.3) 30 (52.6) 72 (30.1) 99 (27.5) | 4 (16.7) 27 (47.4) 167 (69.9) 261 (72.5) | 0.66; 0.02–0.20; p < 0.01 0.34; 0.19–0.60; p < 0.01 0.94; 0.65–1.36; p = 0.75 1 | 8 (33.3) 14 (24.6) 31 (13.0) 46 (12.8) | 16 (66.7) 43 (75.4) 208 (87.0) 314 (87.2) | 0,30; 0.11 − 0.79; p = 0,01 0.43; 0.21 − 0.87; p = 0.01 0.96; 0.58 − 1.59; p = 0.89 1 | 6 (25.0) 12 (21.1) 51 (21.3) 63 (17.5) | 18 (75.0) 45 (78.9) 188 (78.7) 297 (82.5) | 0.49; 0.17 − 1.39; p = 0.18 0.78; 0.38 − 1.60; p = 0.50 0.82; 0.53 − 1.26; p = 0.37 1 | 21 (87.5) 53 (93.0) 203 (84.9) 263 (73.1) | 3 (12.5) 4 (7.0) 36 (15.1) 97 (26.9) | 0.24; 0.06 − 0.89; p = 0.03 0.19; 0.06 − 0.55; p < 0,01 0.53; 0.34 − 0.82; p < 0,001 1 |
Depression | |||||||||||||
No Yes | 52 (81.2) 128 (18.8) | 177 (32.1) 44 (34.4) | 375 (67.9) 84 (65.6) | 1 1.09; 0.70–1.69; p = 0.70 | 86 (15.6) 13 (10.2) | 466 (84.4) 115 (89.8) | 1 1.90; 0.99–3.68;p = 0.05 | 124 (22.5) 8 (6.3) | 428 (77.5) 120 (93.7) | 1 4.80; 2.24–10.27;p < 0.01 | 453 (82.1) 87 (68.0) | 99 (17.9) 41 (32.0) | 1 2.10; 1.33–3.31; p < 0.01 |