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  1. Increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) within macroglia is commonly seen as a hallmark of glial activation after damage within the central nervous system, including the retina. The incr...

    Authors: Kimberly A Toops, Tracy L Hagemann, Albee Messing and Robert W Nickells
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:693
  2. Cola is an extremely popular caffeinated soft drink. The media have recently cited a poll in which 16% of the respondents considered themselves to be addicted to cola soft drinks. We find the contrast between ...

    Authors: Charles Boy Kromann and Connie Thuroee Nielsen
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:692
  3. Fascioliasis is an often-neglected zoonotic disease and currently is an emerging infection in Iraq. Fascioliasis has two distinct phases, an acute phase, exhibiting the hepatic migratory stage of the fluke’s l...

    Authors: Tahir Abdullah Hussein Hawramy, Kamal Ahmed Saeed, Seerwan Hama Sharif Qaradaghy, Taha Ahmed Karboli, Beston Faiek Nore and Noora Hisham Abood Bayati
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:691
  4. The significant biodiversity found in Brazil is a potential for the emergence of new zoonoses. Study in some places of the world suggest of the presence to hantavirus in tissues of bats. Researches of hantavir...

    Authors: Jansen de Araujo, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli, Dyana Alves Henriques, Daniele Lautenschalager, Tatiana Ometto, Lilia Mara Dutra, Caroline Cotrin Aires, Sandra Favorito and Edison Luiz Durigon
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:690
  5. The localized scleroderma (LS) known as morphea, presents a variety of clinical manifestations that can include systemic involvement. Current classification schemes divide morphea into categories based solely ...

    Authors: Fabio Bonilla-Abadía, Evelyn Muñoz-Buitrón, Carlos D Ochoa, Edwin Carrascal and Carlos A Cañas
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:689
  6. Extensive research effort has advanced our understanding of Caenorhabditis as a model system, but its natural association with bacteria remains to be explored in an ecological context. Explored associations vary ...

    Authors: Jeremiah D Lancaster, Budour Mohammad and Eyualem Abebe
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:688
  7. Accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity are hallmarks of liver fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to develop a model of liver fibrosis combining ex...

    Authors: Sanne Skovgård Veidal, Mette Juul Nielsen, Diana Julie Leeming and Morten Asser Karsdal
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:686
  8. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a commonly used technique to quantify gene expression levels. Validated normalization is essential to obtain reliable qPCR data. In that context, normalizing to multiple re...

    Authors: Ann Swijsen, Katherine Nelissen, Daniel Janssen, Jean-Michel Rigo and Govert Hoogland
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:685
  9. Benzodiazepine (BZD), the long-term treatment of which is harmful for cognitive function, is widely prescribed by General Practitioners in Spain. Based on studies performed in other countries we designed a nur...

    Authors: Cristina Lopez-Peig, Xavier Mundet, Bartomeu Casabella, Jose Luis del Val, David Lacasta and Eduard Diogene
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:684
  10. Corneal lacerations mostly affect younger children, commonly males, who will constitute the majority of the workforce. Clinical outcomes are reviewed and compared so that measures to reduce their occurrence an...

    Authors: Adedayo Omobolanle Adio and Henrietta Nwachukwu
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:683
  11. Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV co-infection remains a major public health problem. In spite of different initiatives implemented to tackle the disease, many countries have not reached TB control targets. One of the...

    Authors: Debebe Shaweno and Alemayehu Worku
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:682
  12. Situs inversus totalis represents an unusual anomaly characterized by a mirror-image transposition of the abdominal and thoracic viscera. It often occurs concomitantly with other disorders that make difficult ...

    Authors: Hafida Benhammane, Saoussane Kharmoum, Sylvain Terraz, Thierry Berney, Thai Nguyen-Tang, Muriel Genevay, Omar El Mesbahi and Arnaud Roth
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:681
  13. We previously proposed an algorithm for the identification of GO terms that commonly annotate genes whose expression is upregulated or downregulated in some microarray data compared with in other microarray da...

    Authors: Yoichi Yamada, Hiroki Sawada, Ken-ichi Hirotani, Masanobu Oshima and Kenji Satou
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:680
  14. Laparoscopic gastrectomy is a new and technically challenging surgical procedure with potential benefit. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical and para-clinical consequences following Roux-en...

    Authors: Jalal Bakhtiari, Mahbobeh Abdi, Alireza R Khalaj, Farzad Asadi and Amir Niasari-Naslaji
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:679
  15. While an increased prevalence of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients with jejunal atresia and ileal atresia (JIA) has been described previously, it still may not be a practice routine to indicate a sweat test or ...

    Authors: Carolien L Siersma, Bart L Rottier, Jan BF Hulscher, Katelijne Bouman and Margriet van Stuijvenberg
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:677
  16. Breast cancer (BC) is a genetic disorder characterized by growth and proliferation of breast cells in a disorderly. In Brazil, there are approximately 49.240 new cases of BC, every year. The BC etiology is sti...

    Authors: José da Silva Nogueira Junior, Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson and Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:676
  17. Torovirus infections have been associated with gastroenteritis and diarrhea in horses, cows, pigs and humans, especially in young animals and in children. Although asymptomatic in a large percentage of cases, ...

    Authors: Julio Alonso-Padilla, Jaime Pignatelli, Meritxell Simon-Grifé, Susana Plazuelo, Jordi Casal and Dolores Rodríguez
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:675
  18. To provide information on dose–response and aid in modelling the exposure dynamics of the BSE epidemic in the United Kingdom groups of cattle were exposed orally to a range of different doses of brainstem homo...

    Authors: Timm Konold, Mark E Arnold, Anthony R Austin, Saira Cawthraw, Steve AC Hawkins, Michael J Stack, Marion M Simmons, A Robin Sayers, Michael Dawson, John W Wilesmith and Gerald AH Wells
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:674
  19. Ten generations of domestication selection has caused farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. to deviate from wild salmon in a range of traits. Each year hundreds of thousands of farmed salmon escape into the wild....

    Authors: Monica F Solberg, Bjørn Olav Kvamme, Frank Nilsen and Kevin A Glover
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:672
  20. To describe a rare manifestation of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in conjunctiva, with clinical, hisologic, immunohistologic and genetic findings together with review of the Literature.

    Authors: Mahsa Khanlari, Babak Bagheri, Reza Vojdani, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah, Shahram Paydar and Yahya Daneshbod
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:671
  21. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of organisms using traditional phylogenetic methods may suffer from inaccurate sequence alignment. An alternative approach, particularly effective when whole genome sequ...

    Authors: Arun Seetharam and Gary W Stuart
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:670
  22. Specially trained physiotherapists (advanced practice physiotherapists (APP)) are working in orthopaedic clinics to improve access to orthopaedic services and support chronic disease management. Little attenti...

    Authors: Crystal MacKay, Aileen M Davis, Nizar N Mahomed and Elizabeth M Badley
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:669
  23. Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts not only plays a role in normal molecular processes but is also associated with cancer development. While normal transcripts are ubiquitously expressed in normal ti...

    Authors: Keiichi Hatakeyama, Yorikane Fukuda, Keiichi Ohshima, Masanori Terashima, Ken Yamaguchi and Tohru Mochizuki
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:666
  24. Few investigations have been done to analyze the level of evidence in journals related to hand surgery, compared to other related research fields. The objective of this study was to assess the level of evidenc...

    Authors: Roberto S Rosales, Luis Reboso-Morales, Yolanda Martin-Hidalgo and Isabel Diez de la Lastra-Bosch
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:665
  25. The aim of this study was to optimize quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays for 8 major periodontal pathogens, i.e. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvi...

    Authors: Ellen Decat, Jan Cosyn, Hugo De Bruyn, Reza Miremadi, Bart Saerens, Els Van Mechelen, Stefan Vermeulen, Mario Vaneechoutte and Pieter Deschaght
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:664
  26. There is no recent data addressing the long term survival of cirrhosis patients without transplantation, but with the availability of optimal pharmacological and endoscopic therapies. We compared the long term...

    Authors: Sudul Mananjala Senanayake, Madunil Anuk Niriella, Sanjaya Kumara Weerasinghe, Anuradhani Kasturiratne, Jerome Praneeth de Alwis, Arjuna Priyadarsin de Silva, Anuradha Supun Dassanayake and Hithanadura Janaka de Silva
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:663
  27. Although an initial IFA-IgG titer greater or equal to 1/64 or 1/128 is considered positive in presumptive diagnosis, in clinical practice in an endemic setting for rickettsioses in Sri Lanka, some patients wit...

    Authors: Ranjan Premaratna, Sanjaya Weerasinghe, Amanda Ranaweera, TGA Nilmini Chandrasena, Narasinghe W Bandara, Gregory A Dasch and H Janaka de Silva
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:662
  28. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are one of the main animal models used for studying the effects of exercise on hypertension. Therefore, the determination of adequate intensity has been essential for secu...

    Authors: Jeeser Alves Almeida, Bernardo de Assis Petriz, Clarissa Pedrosa da Costa Gomes, Rinaldo Wellerson Pereira and Octávio Luiz Franco
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:661
  29. Variations in the major arteries of the upper limb are estimated to be present in up to one fifth of people, and may have significant clinical implications.

    Authors: Diogo Casal, Diogo Pais, Tiago Toscano, Tiago Bilhim, Luís Rodrigues, Inês Figueiredo, Sónia Aradio, Maria Angélica-Almeida and João Goyri-O’Neill
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:660
  30. Takayasu Arteritis is a vasculitis occurring mostly in young females which may present in diverse ways. Here we report a teenager with Takayasu Arteritis who presented with uncontrolled hypertension. This case...

    Authors: Abdul Wadud Chowdhury, ATM Hasibul Hasan, SME Jahan Kabir and KM Nurus Sabah
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:659
  31. Patients’ knowledge on prescribed medications play a key role in the long term management of cardiac diseases and in determining their outcome. The present study evaluates the knowledge about prescribed medica...

    Authors: Thisara Perera, Priyanga Ranasinghe, Udeshika Perera, Sherin Perera, Madura Adikari, Saroj Jayasinghe and Godwin R Constantine
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:658
  32. Nutrient fluxes associated with legume-rhizobia symbioses are poorly understood and little is known regarding the influence of abiotic stresses on development and maintenance of N-fixing nodules and root syste...

    Authors: Ricky W Lewis, Guiliang Tang and David H McNear Jr
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:657
  33. To estimate a classifier’s error in predicting future observations, bootstrap methods have been proposed as reduced-variation alternatives to traditional cross-validation (CV) methods based on sampling without...

    Authors: Songthip Ounpraseuth, Shelly Y Lensing, Horace J Spencer and Ralph L Kodell
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:656
  34. Large-scale population biobanks are critical for future research integrating epidemiology, genetic, biomarker and other factors. Little is known about the factors influencing participation in biobanks. This st...

    Authors: Emily Banks, Nicol Herbert, Tanya Mather, Kris Rogers and Louisa Jorm
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:655
  35. Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. The term of immunoangiostasis has been addressed by various studies as potentially involved in the disease pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to...

    Authors: Argyris Tzouvelekis, Paschalis Ntolios, Andreas Karameris, Anastasios Koutsopoulos, Panagiotis Boglou, Andreas Koulelidis, Kostas Archontogeorgis, George Zacharis, Fotis Drakopanagiotakis, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Stavros Anevlavis, Vlassis Polychronopoulos, Dimitrios Mikroulis and Demosthenes Bouros
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:654
  36. Clinical care components for people with COPD are recommended in guidelines if high-level evidence exists. However, there are gaps in their implementation, and factors which act as barriers or facilitators to ...

    Authors: Kylie Johnston, Karen Grimmer-Somers, Mary Young, Ral Antic and Peter Frith
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:652
  37. Trochanteric fractures are common fractures in the elderly. Due to characteristic demographic changes, the incidence of these injuries is rapidly increasing. Treatment of these fractures is associated with hig...

    Authors: Benjamin Buecking, Christopher Bliemel, Johannes Struewer, Daphne Eschbach, Steffen Ruchholtz and Thorben Müller
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:651
  38. Numerous factors like continuous habitat reduction or fragmentation for free-ranging giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) as well as e.g. suboptimal housing conditions for animals in captivity might lead to behaviou...

    Authors: Peter A Seeber, Isabelle Ciofolo and André Ganswindt
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:650
  39. This study examined the effects of bovine colostrum on exercise –induced modulation of antioxidant parameters in skeletal muscle in mice. Adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (control,...

    Authors: Mahenderan Appukutty, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Kalavathy Ramasamy, Rajesh Ramasamy, Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed, Mohd Ismail Noor, Nik Shanita Safii, Poh Bee Koon, Karuthan Chinna and Nagaraja Haleagrahara
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:649
  40. Double-hit lymphoma is a complex and highly aggressive sub-type of B-cell lymphoma, which has recently been classified and is an area of active research interest due to the poor prognosis for patients with thi...

    Authors: Sean D Hooper, Xiang Jiao, Elisabeth Sundström, Farah L Rehman, Christian Tellgren-Roth, Tobias Sjöblom and Lucia Cavelier
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:648
  41. The purpose of this study was to reveal any association between cardiorespiratory fitness level and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) using three cycling protocols with varying degrees of exercise...

    Authors: Tomoaki Matsuo, Kazunori Ohkawara, Satoshi Seino, Nobutake Shimojo, Shin Yamada, Hiroshi Ohshima, Kiyoji Tanaka and Chiaki Mukai
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:646
  42. The WHO guidelines were revised recently to identify patients with severe dengue (SD) early. We proceeded to determine the usefulness of the warning signs in the new WHO guidelines in predicting SD and we have...

    Authors: SD Jayaratne, Vajini Atukorale, Laksiri Gomes, Thashi Chang, Tharindu Wijesinghe, Sachie Fernando, Graham S Ogg and Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:645

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