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  1. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding RNA molecules that co-regulate the expression of multiple genes via mRNA transcript degradation or translation inhibition. Since they often target entire pathways, they may b...

    Authors: Gregory D Miles, Michael Seiler, Lorna Rodriguez, Gunaretnam Rajagopal and Gyan Bhanot
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:164
  2. In metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, randomised controlled trials evaluated Bevacizumab as first-line treatment showed improvements in tumour response rate and progression-free survival (PFS) when added...

    Authors: Lamiaa Boulaamane, Saber Boutayeb and Hassan Errihani
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:162
  3. Studies of genetic diversity are essential in understanding the extent of differentiation between breeds, and in designing successful diversity conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to evalu...

    Authors: Melkaye G Melka and Flavio S Schenkel
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:161
  4. The number of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients reported with resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs after a standardized retreatment regimen in Cameroon is increasing. Hence, the National Tuberc...

    Authors: Jürgen Noeske, Natascha Voelz, Elisabeth Fon and Jean-Louis Abena Foe
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:160
  5. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality internationally, yet there are important regional differences in the epidemiology and microbiology of disease. Most reports h...

    Authors: Mohammad Jalali, Farzin Khorvash, Keith Warriner and J Scott Weese
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:159
  6. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lank.) Oken (Crassulaceae) is a perennial succulent herb widely used in traditional medicine to treat many ailments. Its wide range of uses in folk medicine justifies its being called "life ...

    Authors: Simplice Joel Ndendoung Tatsimo, Jean de Dieu Tamokou, Léopold Havyarimana, Dezső Csupor, Peter Forgo, Judit Hohmann, Jules-Roger Kuiate and Pierre Tane
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:158
  7. The R6K replicon is one of the best studied bacterial plasmid replicons. Replication of the R6K plasmid and derivatives harboring its γ origin of replication (oriR6Kγ) is dependent on the pir gene-encoded π prote...

    Authors: Brian H Kvitko, Steven Bruckbauer, John Prucha, Ian McMillan, Erin J Breland, Stephanie Lehman, Katie Mladinich, Kyoung-Hee Choi, RoxAnn Karkhoff-Schweizer and Herbert P Schweizer
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:157
  8. Promoter-specific expression of foreign DNA in transgenic organisms often relies on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs). This approach requires modification and subcloning of BAC-DNA by recombineering tech...

    Authors: Heiner Hartwich and Hans Gerd Nothwang
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:156
  9. To investigate if single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 12p13 and within 11 kb of the gene NINJ2 would be associated with earlier-onset (vs. late-onset) first-ever ischemic stroke and increase silent cere...

    Authors: Dong-Eog Kim, Sang-Mi Noh, Sang-Wuk Jeong and Min-Ho Cha
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:155
  10. Rapid HIV tests provide same-day results and are widely used in HIV testing programs in areas with limited personnel and laboratory infrastructure. The Uganda Ministry of Health currently recommends the serial...

    Authors: Steven Baveewo, Moses R Kamya, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Robin Fatch, David R Bangsberg, Thomas Coates, Judith A Hahn and Rhoda K Wanyenze
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:154
  11. Current epidemiological data on the situation of Coxiella (C.) burnetii infections in sheep are missing, making risk assessment and the implementation of counteractive measures difficult. Using the German state o...

    Authors: Angela Hilbert, Gernot Schmoock, Hannah Lenzko, Udo Moog, Roland Diller, Andreas Fröhlich, Lothar Hoffmann, Steffen Horner, Michael Elschner, Herbert Tomaso, Klaus Henning, Heinrich Neubauer and Lisa D Sprague
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:152
  12. Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis are major markers for bacterial vaginosis. We aimed to determine the MIC and MBC range of the broad-spectrum anti-infective and antiseptic dequalinium chloride for 28 s...

    Authors: Guido Lopes dos Santos Santiago, Philipp Grob, Hans Verstraelen, Florian Waser and Mario Vaneechoutte
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:151
  13. Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a majority of cases and deaths occurring in developing countries. While cancer of the lung, breast, colorectum, stomach and prostate are the ...

    Authors: Kelias Phiri Msyamboza, Charles Dzamalala, Catherine Mdokwe, Steve Kamiza, Marshal Lemerani, Titha Dzowela and Damson Kathyola
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:149
  14. Oxytocin is released in response to a fatty meal. Blockage of the oxytocin receptor led to slower gastric emptying whereas stimulation resulted in less satiety in healthy volunteers. Patients with diabetes mel...

    Authors: Julia Borg and Bodil Ohlsson
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:148
  15. Fever is one of the most commonly observed abnormal signs in patients with critical illness. However, there is a paucity of evidence to guide the management of febrile patients without acute brain injury and l...

    Authors: Daniel J Niven, Caroline Léger, Paul Kubes, H Tom Stelfox and Kevin B Laupland
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:147
  16. Establishing preclinical models is essential for novel drug discovery in schizophrenia. Most existing models are characterized by abnormalities in behavioral readouts, which are informative, but do not necessa...

    Authors: Daniel Martins-de-Souza, Murtada Alsaif, Agnes Ernst, Laura W Harris, Nancy Aerts, Ilse Lenaerts, Pieter J Peeters, Bob Amess, Hassan Rahmoune, Sabine Bahn and Paul C Guest
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:146
  17. Mutation of the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ4 causes DFNA2-type nonsyndromic autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss. KCNQ4 is expressed predominantly in the auditory sensory outer hair cells, wh...

    Authors: Kazunori Namba, Hideki Mutai, Hiroki Kaneko, Sho Hashimoto and Tatsuo Matsunaga
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:145
  18. Adverse environmental conditions produce ER stress and elicit the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants. Plants are reported to have two "arms" of the ER stress signaling pathway-one arm involving membrane...

    Authors: Yanjie Li, Sabrina Humbert and Stephen H Howell
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:144
  19. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Sri Lanka and throughout the world. The latest staging system for lung cancer is the tumor node metastasis (TNM) 7th edition in which there are major ...

    Authors: Dinesh LB Dassanayake, Thushara M Muthunayake, Kapila HMP Senevirathna and Anoma Siribaddana
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:143
  20. Thrombocytopenia is associated with the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and anti-viral therapy. Recent, national estimates of the clinical burden of thrombocytopenia among HCV-infected ind...

    Authors: Teresa L Kauf, David R Nelson, Jonathan Schelfhout, Joseph AC Delaney and Peter Feng Wang
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:142
  21. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical imaging technology that has recently been investigated for use in a safe, non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) for individuals with severe motor impairmen...

    Authors: Sarah D Power, Azadeh Kushki and Tom Chau
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:141
  22. Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important medical problem that has yet no current solution. A clinical trial of CMV glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine in young women showed promising efficacy. Improv...

    Authors: Ravit Arav-Boger, Genevieve L Wojcik, Priya Duggal, Roxann G Ingersoll, Terri Beaty, Robert F Pass and Robert H Yolken
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:140
  23. Guanosine rich sequences capable of forming G-quadruplex (G4) motifs are enriched near the gene transcription start site (TSS) in the human genome. When probed at the single gene level, G-quadruplex motifs res...

    Authors: Rashi Halder, Jean-Francois Riou, Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou, Tancred Frickey and Jörg S Hartig
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:138
  24. Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) is a non-food oilseed crop which holds promise as an alternative biofuel energy resource. Its ability to grow in a variety of climatic and soil conditions and minimal requirem...

    Authors: Sumit Kumar, Sreenivas Ghatty, Jella Satyanarayana, Anirban Guha, BSK Chaitanya and Attipalli R Reddy
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:137
  25. The traditional Korean medical diagnoses employ pattern identification (PI), a diagnostic system that entails the comprehensive analysis of symptoms and signs. The PI needs to be standardized due to its ambigu...

    Authors: Ju Ah Lee, Tae-Yong Park, Jungsup Lee, Tae-Woong Moon, Jiae Choi, Byoung-Kab Kang, Mi Mi Ko and Myeong Soo Lee
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:136
  26. The clearance of hepatitis C virus infection by interferon therapy significantly reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and death in elderly chronic hepatitis patients. However, there are few report...

    Authors: Hiroki Nishikawa, Eriko Iguchi, Yorimitsu Koshikawa, Soichiro Ako, Tadashi Inuzuka, Haruhiko Takeda, Jun Nakajima, Fumihiro Matsuda, Azusa Sakamoto, Sinichiro Henmi, Keiichi Hatamaru, Tetsuro Ishikawa, Sumio Saito, Ryuichi Kita, Toru Kimura and Yukio Osaki
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:135
  27. Topo-poisons can produce an enzyme-DNA complex linked by a 3'- or 5'-phosphotyrosyl covalent bond. 3'-phosphotyrosyl bonds can be repaired by tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase-1 (TDP1), an enzyme known for years, ...

    Authors: Sanjay Adhikari, Soumendra K Karmahapatra, Tejaswita M Karve, Sanjona Bandyopadhyay, Jordan Woodrick, Praveen V Manthena, Eric Glasgow, Stephen Byers, Tapas Saha and Aykut Uren
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:134
  28. Patients with ≥ 3 recurrent spontaneous miscarriages are classified as having RSM. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance (IR). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the asso...

    Authors: Kotanaie Maryam, Zinatossadat Bouzari, Zahra Basirat, Mehrdad Kashifard and Mahtab Zeinal Zadeh
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:133
  29. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem characterised by progressive deterioration with disabling symptoms and frequent hospital admissions. To influence hospitalisation rates it is crucia...

    Authors: Masoud Shafazand, Harshidaben Patel, Inger Ekman, Karl Swedberg and Maria Schaufelberger
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:132
  30. The kinome is made up of a large number of functionally diverse enzymes, with the classification indicating very little about the extent of the conserved kinetic mechanisms associated with phosphoryl transfer....

    Authors: Colin P Kenyon, Robyn L Roth, Chris W van der Westhuyzen and Christopher J Parkinson
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:131
  31. Sparganum (plerocercoid of Spirometra erinacei) is a parasite that possesses the remarkable ability to survive by successfully modifying its physiology and morphology to suit various hosts and can be found in var...

    Authors: Dae-Won Kim, Dong-Wook Kim, Won Gi Yoo, Seong-Hyeuk Nam, Myoung-Ro Lee, Hye-Won Yang, Junhyung Park, Kyooyeol Lee, Sanghyun Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Won-Ja Lee, Hong-Seog Park and Jung-Won Ju
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:130
  32. Achieving a high response rate in a physician survey is challenging. Monetary incentives increase response rates but obviously add cost to a survey project. We wondered whether an offer of a free continuing me...

    Authors: Anthony J Viera and Teresa Edwards
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:129
  33. Rhodnius prolixus is a blood-feeding insect that can transmit Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli to vertebrate hosts. Recently, genomic resources for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens have increased ...

    Authors: Rafaela M Paim, Marcos H Pereira, Raffaello Di Ponzio, Juliana O Rodrigues, Alessandra A Guarneri, Nelder F Gontijo and Ricardo N Araújo
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:128
  34. Alcohol related road traffic injuries are on the rise in Nigeria. A sizable proportion of the alcohol intake is disguised as herbal medicines which are commonly available at motor parks in most urban centres. ...

    Authors: Oluwadiya S Kehinde and Akinola E Adegoke
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:127
  35. We have studied the possible effects of an intensive lifestyle change program on plasma fibrinogen levels, in patients with no cardiovascular disease, with elevated levels of fibrinogen, normal cholesterol lev...

    Authors: Juan José Rodríguez Cristóbal, Carlos Alonso-Villaverde Grote, Pere Travé Mercadé, José Mª Pérez Santos, Esther Peña Sendra, Anna Muñoz Lloret, Cristina Fernández Pérez and Domingo Bleda Fernández
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:126
  36. Hepatitis B is a liver disease primarily caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. It is distributed worldwide and associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. HBV infections can be avoided by the ad...

    Authors: Mohamed S Elghanam, Ahmed S Attia, Hussein A Shoeb and Abd Elgawad M Hashem
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:125
  37. Changes in cardiac gene expression due to myocardial injury are usually assessed in whole heart tissue. However, as the heart is a heterogeneous system, spatial and temporal heterogeneity is expected in gene e...

    Authors: Nicoletta Vesentini, Cristina Barsanti, Alessandro Martino, Claudia Kusmic, Andrea Ripoli, AnnaMaria Rossi and Antonio L'Abbate
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:124
  38. The most frequently used tools in bioinformatics are those searching for similarities, or local alignments, between biological sequences. Since the exact dynamic programming algorithm is quadratic, linear-time...

    Authors: Silvana Ilie
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:123
  39. Some abnormalities of mouse corneal epithelial maintenance can be identified by the atypical mosaic patterns they produce in X-chromosome inactivation mosaics and chimeras. Human FLNA/+ females, heterozygous for ...

    Authors: Panagiotis Douvaras, Weijia Liu, Richard L Mort, Lisa McKie, Katrine M West, Sally H Cross, Steven D Morley and John D West
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:122
  40. Scientific research is an essential component in guiding improvements in health systems. There are no studies examining the Sri Lankan medical research output at international level. The present study evaluate...

    Authors: Priyanga Ranasinghe, Ranil Jayawardena and Prasad Katulanda
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:121
  41. Study protocols involving experimental animals often require the monitoring of different parameters not only in anesthetized, but also in free moving animals. Most animal research involves small rodents, in wh...

    Authors: Kristine Kellermann, Matthias Kreuzer, Adem Omerovich, Franziska Hoetzinger, Eberhard F Kochs and Bettina Jungwirth
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:119
  42. Africa is faced with an increasing burden of hypertension attributed mainly to physical inactivity and obesity. Paucity of population based evidence in the African continent hinders the implementation effectiv...

    Authors: Seth S Mkhonto, Demetre Labadarios and Musawenkosi LH Mabaso
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:118

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in BMC Research Notes 2013 6:422

  43. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are a highly desirable resource for epigenetic studies, but there is no suitable platform to assay genome-wide methylation in these widely available resources. ...

    Authors: Farzana Jasmine, Ronald Rahaman, Shantanu Roy, Maruf Raza, Rupash Paul, Muhammad Rakibuz-Zaman, Rachelle Paul-Brutus, Charlotte Dodsworth, Mohammed Kamal, Habibul Ahsan and Muhammad G Kibriya
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:117
  44. Despite education and availability of drugs and vaccines, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still the most common severe liver infection in the world accounting for >1 million annual deaths worldwide. Transfusion of ...

    Authors: Julius Tieroyaare Dongdem, Sylvanus Kampo, Ireneous N Soyiri, Patrick Nsobila Asebga, Juventus B Ziem and Kenneth Sagoe
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:115
  45. Different approaches are used for determining the number of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) cells in a suspension. The majority of them are based upon culture (determination of CFU) or visual/in...

    Authors: Petr Kralik, Vladimir Beran and Ivo Pavlik
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:114

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