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  1. Increased biotic and abiotic plant stresses due to climate change together with an expected global human population of over 9 billion by 2050 intensifies the demand for agricultural production on marginal land...

    Authors: Ruth C Martin, Kira Glover-Cutter, James C Baldwin and James E Dombrowski
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:66
  2. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses are an important health problem in many Asian and African countries. The current increase in human cases demonstrates that influenza A(H5N1) is still a signifi...

    Authors: Magdalena Escorcia, Matias S Attene-Ramos, Marco Juarez Estrada and Gerardo M Nava
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:62
  3. To evaluate the scientific reasoning in basic science among undergraduate medical students, we established the National Medical Science Olympiad in Iran. In this Olympiad, the drawing of a concept map was used...

    Authors: Negar Azarpira, Mitra Amini, Javad Kojuri, Parvin Pasalar, Masud Soleimani, Saman Hossein Khani, Marzieh Ebrahimi, Hassan Niknejhad, Zahra Karimian, Farhad Lotfi, Shahram Shahabi, Iraj Saadat, Mohammad Reza Dehghani, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi, Payman Adibi and Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:61
  4. Low birth weight (LBW), defined as birth weight less than 2500 g, has a complex etiology and may be a result of premature interruption of pregnancy or intrauterine growth restriction. The objective of this stu...

    Authors: Cátia Regina Branco da Fonseca, Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi, Lídia Raquel de Carvalho and Rosana Fiorini Puccini
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:60
  5. Splenic injuries constitute a continuing diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the trauma or general surgeons practicing in developing countries where sophisticated imaging facilities are either not availabl...

    Authors: Phillipo L Chalya, Joseph B Mabula, Geofrey Giiti, Alphonce B Chandika, Ramesh M Dass, Mabula D Mchembe and Japhet M Gilyoma
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:59
  6. The aims of the present study were first to detect MCID for WOMAC in a Moroccan population, and second, to identify the best pre-treatment predictors on the change of health after treatment by non-specific, no...

    Authors: Ihsane Hmamouchi, Fadoua Allali, Latifa Tahiri, Hamza Khazzani, Leila El Mansouri, Sanae Ali Ou Alla, Redouane Abouqal and Najia Hajjaj-Hassouni
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:58
  7. The 14-3-3 (YWHA) proteins are a highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed family of proteins. Seven mammalian isoforms of 14-3-3 are known (β, γ, ε, ζ, η, τ and, σ). These proteins associate with many intracel...

    Authors: Santanu De, Jennifer L Marcinkiewicz, Srinivasan Vijayaraghavan and Douglas Kline
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:57
  8. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a relevant outcome measures in intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate HRQL of ICU patients 3 months after discharge using the Arabic version f...

    Authors: Ibtissam Khoudri, Jihane Belayachi, Tarek Dendane, Khalid Abidi, Naoufel Madani, Aicha Zekraoui, Amine Ali Zeggwagh and Redouane Abouqal
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:56
  9. Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver due to viral infections and there are groups of viruses that affects the liver of which hepatitis B and C viruses are the causative agents of sever form of liver...

    Authors: Belay Anagaw, Yitayal Shiferaw, Berhanu Anagaw, Yeshambel Belyhun, Woldearegay Erku, Fantahun Biadgelegn, Beyene Moges, Agersew Alemu, Feleke Moges and Andargachew Mulu
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:55
  10. Shigellosis is an acute invasive enteric infection caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Shigella; it is clinically manifested by bloody diarrhoea. Shigellosis is endemic in many developing countries includin...

    Authors: Anna L Njunda, Jules CN Assob, Dickson S Nsagha, Henri LF Kamga, Maghah P Awafong and Elroy P Weledji
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:54
  11. Serovars of the human pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis occupy one of three specific tissue niches. Genomic analyses indicate that the serovars have a phylogeny congruent with their pathobiology and have an average ...

    Authors: Brian W Brunelle and George F Sensabaugh
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:53
  12. Meta-analyses are necessary to synthesize data obtained from primary research, and in many situations reviews of observational studies are the only available alternative. General purpose statistical packages c...

    Authors: Jeruza L Neyeloff, Sandra C Fuchs and Leila B Moreira
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:52
  13. The goal of this Geographic Information System (GIS) study was to obtain accurate information on the locations of study subjects, road network and services for research purposes so that the clinical outcomes o...

    Authors: Antti Tanskanen, Leilani T Nillos, Antti Lehtinen, Hanna Nohynek, Diozele Hazel M Sanvictores, Eric AF Simões, Veronica L Tallo and Marilla G Lucero
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:51
  14. There are limited data on the prevalence and associated factors of truancy in southern Africa. Yet truancy should attract the attention of public health professionals, educators and policy makers as it may be ...

    Authors: Adamson S Muula, Emmanuel Rudatsikira, Olusegun Babaniyi, Peter Songolo and Seter Siziya
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:48
  15. The growing epidemic of obesity and diabetes among African American, Latino American, and Native American children in the United States has led to increasing focus on strategies for prevention. However, little...

    Authors: Eva M Vivian, Tara L Becker and Aaron L Carrel
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:47
  16. This paper lies in the context of modeling the evolution of gene expression away from stationary states, for example in systems subject to external perturbations or during the development of an organism. We ba...

    Authors: Alexandre Haye, Jaroslav Albert and Marianne Rooman
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:46
  17. Rapid RNA extraction is commonly performed with commercial kits, which are very expensive and can involve toxic reagents. Most of these kits can be used with healthy plant tissues, but do not produce consisten...

    Authors: Hila Yaffe, Kobi Buxdorf, Illil Shapira, Shachaf Ein-Gedi, Michal Moyal-Ben Zvi, Eyal Fridman, Menachem Moshelion and Maggie Levy
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:45
  18. Capilia TB is a simple immunochromatographic assay based on the detection of MPB64 antigen specifically secreted by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). Capilia TB was evaluated for rapid identification ...

    Authors: Christopher Muchwa, Joseph Akol, Alfred Etwom, Karen Morgan, Patrick Orikiriza, Francis Mumbowa, Paul R Odong, David P Kateete, Kathleen D Eisenach and Moses L Joloba
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:44
  19. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major infectious threat to immunocompromised patients. We recently reported a fatal epidemic of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa in an onchoematology unit, linked to massive contamina...

    Authors: Silvia D'Arezzo, Simone Lanini, Vincenzo Puro, Giuseppe Ippolito and Paolo Visca
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:43
  20. Based on the testing of several loci, predominantly against floristic backgrounds, individual or different combinations of loci have been suggested as possible universal DNA barcodes for plants. The present in...

    Authors: Hemant Kumar Singh, Iffat Parveen, Saurabh Raghuvanshi and Shashi B Babbar
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:42
  21. Giardia lamblia is a multiflagellated protozoan that inhabits the small intestine of vertebrates, causing giardiasis. To colonize the small intestine, the trophozoites form of the parasite remains attached to int...

    Authors: Daniela Lourenço, Iamara da Silva Andrade, Letícia Labati Terra, Patricia Ramos Guimarães, Russolina Benedeta Zingali and Wanderley de Souza
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:41
  22. Quantification of microRNAs in specific cell populations microdissected from tissues can be used to define their biological roles, and to develop and deploy biomarker assays. In this study, a number of variabl...

    Authors: Santosh Kumar Patnaik, Eric Kannisto and Sai Yendamuri
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:40
  23. Venous blood sampling is a common procedure in health care. It is strictly regulated by national and international guidelines. Deviations from guidelines due to human mistakes can cause patient harm. Validated...

    Authors: Karin Bölenius, Christine Brulin, Kjell Grankvist, Marie Lindkvist and Johan Söderberg
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:39
  24. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases and people of all age-groups and geographical locations are affected. The impact of disease is even worst in low-resource developing ...

    Authors: Pankaj Baral, Sanjiv Neupane, Bishnu Prasad Marasini, Kashi Ram Ghimire, Binod Lekhak and Basudha Shrestha
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:38
  25. Childhood injuries, an important public health issue, globally affects more than 95% of children living in low-and middle-income countries. The objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of childh...

    Authors: Nukhba Zia, Uzma R Khan, Junaid A Razzak, Prasanthi Puvanachandra and Adnan A Hyder
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:37
  26. The principal role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is the induction of immune responses to lipopolysaccharides. Previously, mice deficient in the TLR4 gene exhibited up-regulation of the NADPH oxidase system in th...

    Authors: Michiko Ito, Masayuki Hanaoka, Yunden Droma, Nobumitsu Kobayashi, Masanori Yasuo, Yoshiaki Kitaguchi, Toshimichi Horiuchi, Kayoko Ikegawa, Yoshihiko Katsuyama, Keishi Kubo and Masao Ota
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:36
  27. The use of digital imaging and algorithm-assisted identification of regions of interest is revolutionizing the practice of anatomic pathology. Currently automated methods for extracting the tumour regions in b...

    Authors: Kyle Lesack and Christopher Naugler
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:35
  28. Maternal obesity has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, pre- and post-term delivery, induction of labor, macrosomia, increased rate of caesarean section, and pos...

    Authors: Shahla Yazdani, Yousofreza Yosofniyapasha, Bahman Hassan Nasab, Mohsen Haghshenas Mojaveri and Zinatossadat Bouzari
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:34
  29. Vibrio cholerae causes the diarrheal disease cholera and utilizes different survival strategies in aquatic environments. V. cholerae can survive as free-living or in association with zooplankton and can build bio...

    Authors: Soni P Valeru, Sun N Wai, Amir Saeed, Gunnar Sandström and Hadi Abd
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:33
  30. Limited or no epidemiological information has been reported for rabies viruses (RABVs) isolated from livestock in the northeastern Brazilian states of Paraíba (PB) and Pernambuco (PE). The aim of this study wa...

    Authors: Nobuyuki Mochizuki, Hiroyuki Kawasaki, Maria LCR Silva, José AB Afonso, Takuya Itou, Fumio H Ito and Takeo Sakai
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:32
  31. Delivery by a skilled birth attendant (SBA) in a hospital is advocated to improve maternal health; however, hospital expenses for delivery care services are a concern for women and their families, particularly...

    Authors: Daovieng Douangvichit, Tippawan Liabsuetrakul and Edward McNeil
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:30
  32. Radon gas is considered as a main risk factor for lung cancer and found naturally in rock, soil, and water. The objective of this study was to determine the radon level in the drinking water sources in Nablus ...

    Authors: Hamzeh Al Zabadi, Samar Musmar, Shaza Issa, Nidal Dwaikat and Ghassan Saffarini
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:29
  33. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a determinant for invasive pneumococcal disease, which often complicates homozygous sickle cell disease. Here, we determined the nasopharyngeal carriage rate...

    Authors: David P Kateete, Henry Kajumbula, Deogratias H Kaddu-Mulindwa and Augustine K Ssevviri
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:28
  34. With the maturation of next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) technologies, the throughput of DNA sequencing reads has soared to over 600 gigabases from a single instrument run. General purpose computing on grap...

    Authors: Petr Klus, Simon Lam, Dag Lyberg, Ming Sin Cheung, Graham Pullan, Ian McFarlane, Giles SH Yeo and Brian YH Lam
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:27
  35. This article aims to offer, on the basis of Coherence theory, the epistemological proposition that mutually supportive evidence from multiple systematic reviews may successfully refute radical, philosophical s...

    Authors: Steffen Mickenautsch
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:26
  36. The role of n-3 fatty acids in prevention of breast cancer is well recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In view of the growing need for early detection of breast cancer, Graha...

    Authors: Manju Mamtani and Hemant Kulkarni
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:25
  37. The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei, reproduces and feeds exclusively on the mature endosperm of the coffee seed, which has a cell wall composed mainly of a heterogeneous mixture of hemicellulose polysacc...

    Authors: Beatriz Padilla-Hurtado, Claudia Flórez-Ramos, Carolina Aguilera-Gálvez, Jefferson Medina-Olaya, Andrés Ramírez-Sanjuan, José Rubio-Gómez and Ricardo Acuña-Zornosa
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:23
  38. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can have mutations that include the a determinant, which causes breakthrough infection. In particular, a single mutation at amino acid 145 of the surface protein (G145) is frequently repor...

    Authors: Haruki Komatsu, Ayano Inui, Tsuyoshi Sogo, Yasuhiro Konishi, Akihiko Tateno and Tomoo Fujisawa
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:22
  39. Interest in community-based interventions (CBIs) for health promotion is increasing, with a lot of recent activity in the field. This paper aims, from a state government perspective, to examine the experience ...

    Authors: Michelle M Haby, Rebecca Doherty, Nicky Welch and Vicky Mason
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:20
  40. Part-time training (PTT) is accessed by approximately 10% of Australian obstetrics and gynaecology trainees, a small but increasing minority which reflects the growing demand for improved work/life balance amo...

    Authors: Amanda Henry, Sarah Clements, Ashley Kingston and Jason Abbott
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:19
  41. Non-target-site based resistance to herbicides is a major threat to the chemical control of agronomically noxious weeds. This adaptive trait is endowed by differences in the expression of a number of genes in ...

    Authors: Cécile Petit, Fanny Pernin, Jean-Marie Heydel and Christophe Délye
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:18
  42. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and the corresponding metalloproteinases are integral parts of the protease network and have been shown to be involved in cancer development and metastasis. Para...

    Authors: Obul R Bandapalli, Eva Paul, Peter Schirmacher and Karsten Brand
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:14
  43. Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS; OMIM 194050) is caused by a hemizygous contiguous gene microdeletion at 7q11.23. Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), mental retardation, and overfriendliness comprise typical s...

    Authors: Roberta L Dutra, Rachel S Honjo, Leslie D Kulikowski, Fernanda M Fonseca, Patrícia C Pieri, Fernanda S Jehee, Debora R Bertola and Chong A Kim
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:13

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