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  1. Africa is faced with an increasing burden of hypertension attributed mainly to physical inactivity and obesity. Paucity of population based evidence in the African continent hinders the implementation effectiv...

    Authors: Seth S Mkhonto, Demetre Labadarios and Musawenkosi LH Mabaso
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:118

    The Retraction Note to this article has been published in BMC Research Notes 2013 6:422

  2. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are a highly desirable resource for epigenetic studies, but there is no suitable platform to assay genome-wide methylation in these widely available resources. ...

    Authors: Farzana Jasmine, Ronald Rahaman, Shantanu Roy, Maruf Raza, Rupash Paul, Muhammad Rakibuz-Zaman, Rachelle Paul-Brutus, Charlotte Dodsworth, Mohammed Kamal, Habibul Ahsan and Muhammad G Kibriya
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:117
  3. Despite education and availability of drugs and vaccines, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still the most common severe liver infection in the world accounting for >1 million annual deaths worldwide. Transfusion of ...

    Authors: Julius Tieroyaare Dongdem, Sylvanus Kampo, Ireneous N Soyiri, Patrick Nsobila Asebga, Juventus B Ziem and Kenneth Sagoe
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:115
  4. Different approaches are used for determining the number of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) cells in a suspension. The majority of them are based upon culture (determination of CFU) or visual/in...

    Authors: Petr Kralik, Vladimir Beran and Ivo Pavlik
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:114
  5. Entering data on case report forms and subsequently digitizing them in electronic media is the traditional way to maintain a record keeping system in field studies. Direct data entry using an electronic device...

    Authors: Kamala Thriemer, Benedikt Ley, Shaali M Ame, Mahesh K Puri, Ramadhan Hashim, Na Yoon Chang, Luluwa A Salim, R Leon Ochiai, Thomas F Wierzba, John D Clemens, Lorenz von Seidlein, Jaqueline L Deen, Said M Ali and Mohammad Ali
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:113
  6. Psychiatric disorders are common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in IBS patients varies in different cultures. We conducted this study to determine the preva...

    Authors: Mohamad-Jafar Modabbernia, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Ali Imani, Seyed-Alireza Mirsafa-Moghaddam, Massih Sedigh-Rahimabadi, Mahmoud Yousefi-Mashhour, Farahnaz Joukar, Zahra Atrkar-Roushan and Siamak Bidel
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:112
  7. The striped bass and its relatives (genus Morone) are important fisheries and aquaculture species native to estuaries and rivers of the Atlantic coast and Gulf of Mexico in North America. To open avenues of gene ...

    Authors: Benjamin J Reading, Robert W Chapman, Jennifer E Schaff, Elizabeth H Scholl, Charles H Opperman and Craig V Sullivan
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:111
  8. The immune system has paradoxical roles during cancer development and the prognostic significance of immune modulating factors is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of cycloox...

    Authors: Elin Richardsen, Rebecca Dale Uglehus, Stein Harald Johnsen and Lill-Tove Busund
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:110
  9. Transcription factors (TFs) and their binding sites (TFBSs) play a central role in the regulation of gene expression. It is therefore vital to know how the allocation pattern of TFBSs affects the functioning o...

    Authors: Ronaldo Schuch, Konstantin Agelopoulos, Anna Neumann, Burkhard Brandt, Horst Bürger and Eberhard Korsching
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:109
  10. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is considered to be a candidate susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. A recent study reported that N-...

    Authors: Hirotaka Shoji, Keiko Toyama, Yoshihiro Takamiya, Shigeharu Wakana, Yoichi Gondo and Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:108
  11. To obtain reliable quantitative real-time PCR data, normalization relative to stable housekeeping genes (HKGs) is required. However, in practice, expression levels of 'typical' housekeeping genes have been fou...

    Authors: Mehmet Ulas Cinar, Mohammad Ariful Islam, Muhammad Jasim Uddin, Ernst Tholen, Dawit Tesfaye, Christian Looft and Karl Schellander
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:107
  12. Neuraminidase (NA) is a prominent surface antigen of Influenza viruses, which helps in release of viruses from the host cells after replication. Anti influenza drugs such as Oseltamivir target a highly conserv...

    Authors: Syed Hussain Basha and R Nalini Prasad
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:105
  13. Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is increasingly being used as first investigation for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). The investigation has high predictive value, but is resource and time ...

    Authors: Patricia Deonarine, Carl de Wet and Alistair McGhee
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:104
  14. Currently in the United Kingdom (UK), there is a mismatch between limited financial resources and the large proportion of patients with suspected allergies actually being referred to specialist allergy clinics...

    Authors: Edward R Kaminski, Claire A Bethune and Ray B Jones
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:103
  15. Plant LIM domain proteins may act as transcriptional activators of lignin biosynthesis and/or as actin binding and bundling proteins. Plant LIM genes have evolved in phylogenetic subgroups differing in their expr...

    Authors: Dominique Arnaud, Annabelle Déjardin, Jean-Charles Leplé, Marie-Claude Lesage-Descauses, Nathalie Boizot, Marc Villar, Hélène Bénédetti and Gilles Pilate
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:102
  16. Infections with polyomavirus BK virus (BKV) are a common cause of renal dysfunction after renal transplantation and may also be harmful in surgical patients with shock. The aim of the present study was to dete...

    Authors: Maximilian Nass, Benedikt Weissbrich, Moritz Huber, Elisabeth Marion Schneider and Manfred Weiss
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:100
  17. Health services in Europe face the challenge of delivering care to a heterogeneous group of irregular migrants (IM). There is little empirical evidence on how health professionals cope with this challenge. Thi...

    Authors: Marie Dauvrin, Vincent Lorant, Sima Sandhu, Walter Devillé, Hamidou Dia, Sónia Dias, Andrea Gaddini, Elisabeth Ioannidis, Natasja K Jensen, Ulrike Kluge, Ritva Mertaniemi, Rosa Puigpinós i Riera, Attila Sárváry, Christa Straßmayr, Mindaugas Stankunas, Joaquim JF Soares…
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:99
  18. Genes conferring antibiotic resistance to groups of bacterial pathogens are cause for considerable concern, as many once-reliable antibiotics continue to see a reduction in efficacy. The recent discovery of th...

    Authors: Eithon Cadag, Elizabeth Vitalis, Kristin P Lennox, Carol L Ecale Zhou and Adam T Zemla
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:96
  19. We have previously demonstrated that routinely collected primary care data can be used to identify potential participants for trials in depression [1]. Here we demonstrate how patients with psychotic disorders...

    Authors: Alexis Economou, Michelle Grey, Joanna McGregor, Nick Craddock, Ronan A Lyons, Michael J Owen, Vaughn Price, Sue Thomson, James TR Walters and Keith Lloyd
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:95
  20. Membrane-CD14 (mCD14) is expressed on the surface of monocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN). mCD14 acts as a co-receptor along with Toll like receptor 4 (TLR 4) and MD-2 for t...

    Authors: Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu, Aloysius E Ibeagha and Xin Zhao
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:93
  21. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression via binding to the 3' ends of mRNAs. MiRNAs have been associated with many cellular events ascertaining their central role in gene reg...

    Authors: Adam Kiezun, Shay Artzi, Shira Modai, Naama Volk, Ofer Isakov and Noam Shomron
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:92
  22. GABA receptors are well known as the inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system and are also found in peripheral tissues. We have previously shown that GABA receptors are involved in lung development a...

    Authors: Chunling Zhao, Chaoqun Huang, Tingting Weng, Xiao Xiao, Hong Ma and Lin Liu
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:91
  23. Healthy individuals can host Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx, body surface and vagina. Most invasive infections by this bacterium are endogenous, caused by strains spread from the nasopharynx of carriers...

    Authors: Luciana Borges Giarola, Rosiane Ribeiro dos Santos, João Bedendo, Waldir Veríssimo da Silva Júnior and Sueli Donizete Borelli
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:90
  24. There is little direct data describing the outcomes and recurrent vascular morbidity and mortality of stroke survivors from low and middle income countries like Pakistan. This study describes functional, cogni...

    Authors: Maria Khan, Bilal Ahmed, Maryam Ahmed, Myda Najeeb, Emmon Raza, Farid Khan, Anoosh Moin, Dania Shujaat, Ahmed Arshad and Ayeesha Kamran Kamal
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:89
  25. WASP family proteins stimulate the actin-nucleating activity of the ARP2/3 complex. They include members of the well-known WASP and WAVE/Scar proteins, and the recently identified WASH and WHAMM proteins. WASP...

    Authors: Martin Kollmar, Dawid Lbik and Stefanie Enge
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:88
  26. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a key protein in the eukaryotic DNA replication and cell proliferation. Following the cloning and characterisation of the human PCNA gene, the question of the e...

    Authors: Ivaylo Stoimenov and Anne Lagerqvist
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:87
  27. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a crop of economic and social importance, mainly in tropical areas, and developing countries. Its molecular breeding has been hindered by a shortage of polymorphic genetic markers ...

    Authors: Selma E Macedo, Márcio C Moretzsohn, Soraya C M Leal-Bertioli, Dione MT Alves, Ediene G Gouvea, Vânia CR Azevedo and David J Bertioli
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:86
  28. The sizes of proteins are relevant to their biochemical structure and for their biological function. The statistical distribution of protein lengths across a diverse set of taxa can provide hints about the evo...

    Authors: Axel Tiessen, Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez and Luis José Delaye-Arredondo
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:85
  29. To assess the incidence of high-risk population of medical students with eating disorders in Karachi by using validated self-administered questionnaires. The earlier these disorders are diagnosed and assessed,...

    Authors: Akhtar Amin Memon, Syeda Ezz-e-Rukhshan Adil, Efaza Umar Siddiqui, Syed Saad Naeem, Syed Adnan Ali and Khalid Mehmood
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:84
  30. Indicators describing results of care are widely explored in term of patient satisfaction (PS). Among factors explaining PS, human resources indicators have been studied in terms of burnout or job satisfaction...

    Authors: Leila Moret, Emmanuelle Anthoine, Cécile Paillé, Sophie Tricaud-Vialle, Laurent Gerbaud, Alexandra Giraud-Roufast, Philippe Michel and Pierre Lombrail
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:83
  31. Pyrosequencing techniques allow scientists to perform prokaryotic genome sequencing to achieve the draft genomic sequences within a few days. However, the assemblies with shotgun sequencing are usually compose...

    Authors: Jingwei Jiang, Jun Li, Hoi Shan Kwan, Chun Hang Au, Patrick Tik Wan Law, Lei Li, Kai Man Kam, Julia Mei Lun Ling and Frederick C Leung
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:80
  32. SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers are rapidly becoming the markers of choice for applications in breeding because of next generation sequencing technology developments. For SNP development by NGS te...

    Authors: Arwa Shahin, Thomas van Gurp, Sander A Peters, Richard GF Visser, Jaap M van Tuyl and Paul Arens
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:79
  33. The evaluation of the hepatic parenchyma in patients with chronic liver disease is important to assess the extension, localization and relationship with adjacent anatomical structures of possible lesions. This...

    Authors: Andrea De Gottardi, Pierre-Frédéric Keller, Antoine Hadengue, Emile Giostra and Laurent Spahr
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:77
  34. Fulani ethnic group individuals are less susceptible than sympatric Mossi ethnic group, in term of malaria infection severity, and differ in antibody production against malaria antigens. The differences in sus...

    Authors: Guillaume S Sanou, Régis W Tiendrebeogo, André L Ouédraogo, Amidou Diarra, Alphonse Ouédraogo, Jean-Baptiste Yaro, Espérance Ouédraogo, Federica Verra, Charlotte Behr, Marita Troye-Blomberg, David Modiano, Amagana Dolo, Maria G Torcia, Yves Traoré, Sodiomon B Sirima and Issa Nébié
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:76
  35. The tuberculosis case register is the data source for the reports submitted by basic management units to the national tuberculosis program. Our objective was to measure the data entry time required to complete...

    Authors: Nguyen B Hoa, Chay Sokun, Chen Wei, Jens M Lauritsen and Hans L Rieder
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:75
  36. Leishmaniasis are widespread parasitic-diseases with an urgent need for more active and less toxic drugs and for effective vaccines. Understanding the biology of the parasite especially in the context of host ...

    Authors: Sondos Smandi, Fatma Z Guerfali, Mohamed Farhat, Khadija Ben-Aissa, Dhafer Laouini, Lamia Guizani-Tabbane, Koussay Dellagi and Alia Benkahla
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:74
  37. Yersinia pestis is a bacterium that causes plague which infects a variety of mammals throughout the world. The disease is usually transmitted among wild rodents through a flea vector. The sources and routes of tr...

    Authors: Bernard M Hang'ombe, Ichiro Nakamura, Kenny L Samui, Davy Kaile, Aaron S Mweene, Bukheti S Kilonzo, Hirofumi Sawa, Chihiro Sugimoto and Brendan W Wren
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:72
  38. High quality care for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) improves patient outcomes. Still, AMI patients are treated in hospitals with unequal access to percutaneous coronary intervention. The study compares cha...

    Authors: Mai Blöndal, Tiia Ainla, Toomas Marandi, Aleksei Baburin and Jaan Eha
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:71
  39. Carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP) has a poor prognosis and the prognostic factors in these patients are not well established. Furthermore, there are no selection criteria for patients who should benefit ...

    Authors: Kuo-Wei Chen, Chia-Jen Liu, Hsueh-Ju Lu, Cheng-Hwai Tzeng, Jin-Hwang Liu, Tzeon-Jye Chiou, Chueh-Chuan Yen, Wei-Shu Wang, Ta-Chung Chao, Hao-Wei Teng, Ming-Huang Chen, Chun-Yu Liu, Peter MH Chang and Muh-Hwa Yang
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:70
  40. Ethiopia has had mechanisms for TB/HIV collaborative activities since 2002. However, no published account has defined the role of these collaborative efforts in strengthening linkages between HIV and TB manage...

    Authors: Aragie Kassa, Degu Jerene, Yibeltal Assefa, Azmera Teka, Abraham Aseffa and Amare Deribew
    Citation: BMC Research Notes 2012 5:67

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