Table 3 Anti-HCV positivity in relation to HCV risk factors in HIV-positive and HIV- negative individuals at Hawassa HIV testing centers, 2008
Characteristics | HIV-positive | HIV-negative | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N o (%) tested | N o (%) positive for anti-HCV | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | N o (%) tested | N o (%) positive for anti-HCV | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) |
Hospital admission | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 300(75.0) | 35(11.7) | 1 | 342 (85.5) | 21(6.1) | 1 |
   Yes | 100(25.0) | 7(7.0) | 0.57(0.25-1.33) | 58 (14.5) | 3(5.2) | .83(0.24-2.89) |
Blood transfusion | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 388(97.0) | 41(10.6) | 1 | 398(99.5) | 24(6.0) |  |
   Yes | 12(3.0) | 1(8.3) | 0.77(0.10-6.11) | 2(0.5) | 0 | - |
Unsafe injection | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 375(93.8) | 40(10.7) | 1 | 384(96.0) | 24(6.2) |  |
   Yes | 25(6.2) | 2(8.0) | 0.73(0.17-3.20) | 16(4.0) | 0 | - |
Multiple sexual partners * | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 315(78.8) | 31(9.8) | 1 | 344(86.0) | 18(5.2) | 1 |
   Yes | 85(21.2) | 11(12.9) | 1.3(0.65-2.84) | 56(14.0) | 6(10.7) | 2.1(0.82-5.74) |
Sexual transmitted infections ** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 282(70.5) | 26(9.2) | 1 | 380(95.0) | 23(6.1) | 1 |
   Yes | 118(29.5) | 16(13.6) | 1.54(0.80-3.0) | 20(5.0) | 1(5.0) | 0.82(0.11-6.38) |
Tooth extraction | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 278(69.5) | 27(9.7) | 1 | 286(71.5) | 18(6.3) | 1 |
   Yes | 122(30.5) | 15(12.3) | 1.30(0.67-2.55) | 114(28.5) | 6(5.3) | 0.83(0.32-2.14) |
Catheterization | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 393(98.2) | 41(10.4) | 1 | 399(99.8) | 24(6.0) | - |
   Yes | 7(1.8) | 1(14.3) | 1.43(0.17-12.18) | 1(0.2) | 0 |  |
Scarification | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 373(93.2) | 39(10.5) | 1 | 367(91.8) | 23(6.3) | 1 |
   Yes | 27(6.8) | 3(11.1) | 1.07(0.31-3.72) | 33(8.2) | 1(3.0) | 0.47(0.06-3.58) |
Abortion | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 193(77.5) | 18(9.3) | 1 | 195(93.3) | 11(5.6) | 1 |
   Yes | 56(22.5) | 7(12.5) | 1.39(0.55-3.51) | 14(6.7) | 1(7.1) | 1.29(0.15-10.8) |
Ear piercing | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 240(60.0) | 22(9.2) | 1 | 292(73.0) | 16(5.5) | 1 |
   Yes | 160(40.0) | 20(12.5) | 1.42(0.74-2.69) | 108(27.0) | 8(7.4) | 1.38(0.57-3.32) |
Surgery *** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 376(94.0) | 40(10.6) | 1 | 388(97.0) | 24(6.2) |  |
   Yes | 24(6.0) | 2(8.3) | 0.76(0.17-3.37) | 12(3.0) | 0 | - |
Blood letting | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 390(97.5) | 41(10.5) | 1 | 398(99.5) | 24(6.0) |  |
   Yes | 10(2.5) | 1(10.0) | 0.95(0.12-7.66) | 2(0.5) | 0 | - |
Tattooing | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 365(91.2) | 38(10.4) | 1 | 376(94.0) | 23(6.1) | 1 |
   Yes | 35(8.8) | 4(11.4) | 1.11(0.37-3.32) | 24(6.0) | 1(4.2) | 0.67(0.09-5.16) |
History of liver disease **** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 373(93.2) | 41(11) | 1 | 387(96.8) | 23(5.9) | 1 |
   Yes | 27(6.8) | 1(3.7) | 0.31(0.04-2.36) | 13(3.2) | 1(7.7) | 1.32(0.16-10.6) |
Contact with a person having liver disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 372(93.0) | 39(10.5) | 1 | 379(94.8) | 24(6.3) |  |
   Yes | 28(7.0) | 3(10.7) | 1.03(0.30-3.55) | 21(5.2) | 0 | - |