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Table 1 Population characteristics and risk factors for HSV-2 seropositivity among HIV-1 uninfected members of African HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships

From: Risk Factors for HSV-2 Infection among Sexual Partners of HSV-2/HIV-1 Co-Infected Persons

 

HIV-1 uninfected female partners of males dually-infected with HSV-2 and HIV-1 (N = 1084)

HIV-1 uninfected male partners of females dually-infected with HSV-2 and HIV-1 (N = 2270)

 

HSV-2 negative

(n = 123)

# (%) or median (IQR)

HSV-2 positive

(n = 961)

# (%) or median (IQR)

Prevalence ratio

(95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted

Prevalence Ratio#

(95% CI)

p-value

HSV-2

negative

(n = 841)

# (%) or median (IQR)

HSV-2 positive

(n = 1429)

# (%) or median (IQR)

Prevalence ratio

(95% CI)

p-value

Adjusted

Prevalence ratio#

(95% CI)

p-value

Characteristics of HIV-1/HSV-2

dually-infected partner

Genital lesions at enrollment

27 (22%)

233 (24.2%)

1.01

(0.97, 1.07)

0.6

  

202 (24%)

287 (20.1%)

0.92

(0.85, 0.99)

0.028

0.92

(0.85, 0.99)

0.04

CD4 count

424 (335-566)

424

(333-571)

1.00

(0.99, 1.01)*

0.66

  

484

(358-669)

482

(354-659)

1.00

(0.98, 1.01)*

0.48

  

Plasma HIV-1 RNA

4.35

(3.71-4.95)

4.32

(3.67-4.87)

0.99

(0.97, 1.02)

0.64

  

3.92

(3.13-4.50)

3.96

(3.25-4.55)

1.03

(0.99, 1.06)

0.11

  

Has any other sexual partners

9 (7.3%)

78 (8.1%)

1.01

(0.94, 1.09)

0.76

  

7 (0.8%)

26 (1.8%)

1.26

(0.99, 1.59)

0.058

1.28

(1.00, 1.63)

0.047

Characteristics of HIV-1 uninfected

partner

Age

26 (22-30)

31 (26-39)

1.09

(1.06, 1.12)†

<.001

1.08

(1.06, 1.11)†

<.001

32 (28-39)

37 (31-44)

1.17

(1.14, 1.21)†

<.001

1.11

(1.06, 1.15)

<.001

Years of education

8 (7-12)

8 (6-10)

0.88

(0.83, 0.93)†

<.0001

0.90

(0.85, 0.96)†

0.0011

9 (7-12)

9 (7-12)

0.89

(0.82, 0.97)†

0.01

!

 

Has any other sexual partners

1 (1.5%)

4 (0.8%)

0.91

(0.65, 1.28)

0.59

  

31 (7.9%)

67 (10.0%)

1.09

(0.94, 1.27)

0.27

  

Gender-specific characteristics

Male partner is circumcised (physical exam)

37 (30.1%)

329 (34.3%)

1.02

(0.98, 1.07)

0.36

  

483 (57.4%)

760 (53.2%)

0.94

(0.88, 1.00)

0.049

0.94

(0.88, 1.00)

0.0614

Female partner uses hormonal contraceptives

18 (14.6%)

157 (16.3%)

1.01

(0.96, 1.07)

0.63

  

160 (19.0%)

279 (19.5%)

1.01

(0.93, 1.10)

0.77

  

Female uses vaginal drying

24 (19.5%)

196 (20.4%)

1.01

(0.95, 1.06)

0.82

  

156 (18.5%)

322 (22.5%)

1.09

(1.01, 1.18)

0.025

1.08

(1.00, 1.17)

0.051

Couple characteristics ‡

Couple is married

94 (76.4%)

776 (80.7%)

1.03

(0.98, 1.09)

0.26

  

589 (70.0%)

1078 (75.4%)

1.11

(1.03, 1.20)

0.005

  

Duration of sexual relationship

4 (2-8)

7 (3-15)

1.06

(1.04, 1.09)†

<.001

  

4 (2-7)

6 (3-10)

1.18

(1.13, 1.24)†

<.001

  

Years living together

3 (1-6)

6 (3-13)

1.06

(1.03, 1.09)†

<.001

  

3 (1-6)

5 (2-10)

1.20

(1.15, 1.26)†

<.001

1.07

(1.02, 1.13)

0.009

Number of children

1 (1-3)

3 (1-4)

1.03

(1.02, 1.04)

<.001

  

2 (1-3)

2 (1-4)

1.05

(1.04, 1.07)

<.001

1.02

(1.01, 1.04)

0.001

Informal housing

50 (41.3%)

348 (37.5%)

0.98

(0.94, 1.03)

0.41

  

346 (42.5%)

540 (38.9%)

0.95

(0.89, 1.01)

0.099

  

Number of sex acts with study part-ner in previous month (median, IQR)

3 (2-7)

4 (2-8)

1.02

(0.99, 1.05)†

0.26

  

4 (2-8)

4 (2-8)

0.96

(0.92, 1.01)†

0.13

  

Any sex acts with partner in previous month

114 (92.7%)

885 (92.1%)

0.99

(0.92, 1.07)

0.82

  

796 (94.6%)

1342 (93.9%)

0.95

(0.83, 1.09)

0.47

  

Any unprotected sex with study partner in previous month

32 (26.0%)

259 (27.0%)

1.01

(0.96, 1.05)

0.83

  

245 (29.1%)

451 (31.6%)

1.04

(0.97, 1.12)

0.23

  

Enrollment site in Eastern (vs. southern) Africa

78 (63.4%)

593 (61.7%)

0.99

(0.95, 1.04)

0.71

  

509 (60.5%)

874 (61.2%)

1.01

(0.95, 1.08)

0.76

  
  1. # Multivariate risk ratios, adjusted for other factors in the model as shown.
  2. * Risk ratio of HSV2 positivity for every 100 ct increase in CD4.
  3. † Risk ratio of HSV2 positivity for every increase of 10.
  4. ‡ As reported by HIV-1 uninfected participant.
  5. (Note: Length of sexual relationship strongly associated with age of partner, rho = 0.66, p < .0001.)
  6. ! Years of education was not a significant risk factor for HSV-2 seropositivity in male HIV-1 uninfected partners
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BMC Research Notes

ISSN: 1756-0500

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