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Table 1 Effect of time, extra- versus intraluminal location, and axial location on number of colony forming units (CFU) in urinary catheters

From: Early development of bacterial community diversity in emergently placed urinary catheters

 

ndf

ddf

F

P

Fixed effects

Time

1

6

3.69

0.1033

Surface

1

46

0.02

0.8952

Axial location

1

46

14.69

0.0004***

Surface × time

1

46

0.03

0.8682

Surface × axial location

1

46

3.95

0.0528†

  

df

LR statistic

P

Random effects

Subject, intercept

 

0, 1

20.6

<0.0001***

  1. Axial location was modeled as a continuous variable (bladder = 1,deep urethral = 2, superficial urethral = 3, external = 4 for males and bladder = 1, urethral = 2.5, and external = 4 for females). The significance of random effect (subject) and the proper covariance structure for the repeated measures were tested using likelihood ratio tests. Ndf is numerator degrees of freedom, ddf is denominator degrees of freedom. Urinary catheters from 5 males and 3 females catheterized in a level 1 trauma center for 1 to 16 days.
  2. *** is p <0.001 and †p <0.10.