Table 2 Minimum doses of the three Hypnale venoms led to each observed histopathological alteration in BALB/c mouse organs
Histopathological change | Minimum venom dose (μg/g) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
H. hypnale | H. nepa | H. zara | |
Petecheal haemorrhages in renal paranchyma | 0.9 | 4.8 | 3.2 |
Degenerative changes in renal tubules | 0.4 | 2.9 | 2.2 |
Renal tubular necrosis | 1.2 | 8.0 | 4.4 |
Degeneration of hepatocytes | 0.5 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
Random hepatocellular necrosis | 0.7 | 5.2 | 2.8 |
Congestion in lung paranchyma | 0.3 | 3.6 | 2.2 |
Haemorrhage into alveolar spaces | 1.3 | 5.1 | 3.7 |
Inflammatory infiltrate in alveolar sepate | 1.3 | 4.8 | 3.7 |
Pulmonary oedema | 1.6 | 7.6 | 3.0 |
Focal neuronal degeneration in brain | 1.8 | 8.2 | 5.3 |