Table 2 Maternal characteristics of women with GDM
From: Gestational diabetes and macrosomia by race/ethnicity in Hawaii
Maternal characteristics | GDM (%) | GDM weighted N | P-Valued | Odds ratio (CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sample | 10. 9 | 5925 | ||
Maternal ethnicity | ||||
White | 7. 4 | 934 | 0. 025 | Referent |
Hawaiian/Pacific Islandera | 12. 1 | 2450 | 0. 002 | 1.71 (1.19-2.44) |
Filipina | 13. 1 | 1258 | 1.88 (1.26-2.79) | |
Other Asiansb | 11. 0 | 989 | 1.53 (1.00-2.34) | |
White | 7. 4 | 934 | 0. 002 | Referent |
Asian Pacific Islanderc | 12. 1 | 4697 | 1.71 (1.22-2.38) aOR 1.49 (1.05-2.11) | |
Maternal age (yrs) | ||||
< 25 | 6. 9 | 1154 | <0. 001 | Referent |
≥ 25 | 12. 8 | 4802 | 1.98 (1.45-2.70) | |
BMI | ||||
Underweight/Normal | 6. 8 | 2127 | <0. 001 | Referent |
Overweight /Obese | 16. 7 | 3474 | 2.75 (2.13-3.55) | |
Maternal nativity | ||||
US born | 9. 8 | 3972 | <0. 001 | Referent |
Foreign born | 14. 7 | 1985 | 1.59 (1.23-2.07) | |
Household income | ||||
< $10,000 | 9. 5 | 913 | 0. 462 | Referent |
$10,000-49,999 | 11. 6 | 2664 | 1.25 (0.88-1.79) | |
≥ $50,000 | 11. 2 | 2050 | 1.21 (0.83-1.75) | |
Maternal education | ||||
High school or less | 11. 6 | 2908 | 0. 201 | Referent |
Some college or more | 10. 1 | 2867 | 0.85 (0.67-1.09) | |
Married | ||||
No | 9. 9 | 2081 | 0. 151 | Referent |
Yes | 11. 7 | 3876 | 1.20 (0.93-1.55) | |
Smoking last 3 month of pregnancy | ||||
No | 10. 6 | 5330 | 0. 053 | Referent |
Yes | 15. 3 | 620 | 1.51 (1.00-2.30) | |
1st trimester prenatal care | ||||
No | 12. 9 | 1122 | 0. 154 | Referent |
Yes | 10. 5 | 4712 | 0.80 (0.58-1.09) | |