|
Parameters
|
Total
|
Postmenopausal
|
Premenopausal
|
P value
|
|---|
|
(n = 250)
|
(n = 107)
|
(n = 143)
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
44.23 ± 0.90
|
57.25 ± 0.80
|
34.48 ± 0.74
|
<0.0001
|
|
Anthropometric Parameters
|
|
WC (cm)
|
92.41 ± 0.72
|
95.83 ± 0.93
|
89.85 ± 1.01
|
<0.0001
|
|
WHR
|
0.88 ± 0.004
|
0.91 ± 0.005
|
0.87 ± 0.005
|
<0.0001
|
|
WTR
|
1.67 ± 0.009
|
1.72 ± 0.013
|
1.62 ± 0.011
|
<0.0001
|
|
WHtR
|
0.58 ± 0.004
|
0.60 ± 0.006
|
0.56 ± 0.006
|
<0.0001
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
26.65 ± 0.32
|
26.92 ± 0.46
|
26.39 ± 0.44
|
0.4150
|
|
Hemodynamic Parameters
|
|
SBP (mmHg)
|
132.5 ± 1.20
|
140.6 ± 1.75
|
126.4 ± 1.44
|
<0.0001
|
|
DBP (mmHg)
|
86.3 ± 0.73
|
89.87 ± 1.09
|
83.62 ± 0.93
|
<0.0001
|
|
PP (mmHg)
|
46.17 ± 0.76
|
50.76 ± 1.12
|
42.73 ± 0.93
|
<0.0001
|
|
Socio-demographic Parameters
|
|
Passive Smokers
|
35(14%)
|
22(20.6%)
|
13(9.1%)
|
0.0160
|
|
Alcoholics
|
89(35.6%)
|
47(43.9%)
|
42(29.4%)
|
0.0230
|
|
Married
|
148(59.2%)
|
61(57.01%)
|
87(60.8%)
|
0.6033
|
|
Occupation
|
|
Manual
|
112(44.8%)
|
52(48.6%)
|
58(40.6%)
|
0.2470
|
|
Non-manual
|
118(47.2%)
|
39(36.4%)
|
81(56.6%)
|
0.0020
|
|
Outside of EAP
|
20(8%)
|
16(15%)
|
4(2.8%)
|
0.0006
|
|
High Education
|
73(29.2%)
|
27(25.2%)
|
46(32.2%)
|
0.2621
|
|
Physically Inactive
|
102(40.8%)
|
37(36.4%)
|
65(45.5%)
|
0.0920
|
|
Family History of Hypertension
|
95(38%)
|
41(38.3%)
|
54(37.8%)
|
1.0000
|
|
Family History of Diabetes
|
65(26%)
|
35(32.7%)
|
30(21%)
|
0.0420
|
|
Biochemical Assays
|
|
TC (mmol/l)
|
4.40 ± 0.053
|
4.41 ± 0.084
|
4.40 ± 0.069
|
0.8504
|
|
TG (mmol/l)
|
1.20 ± 0.033
|
1.31 ± 0.061
|
1.12 ± 0.035
|
0.0060
|
|
HDL-C (mmol/l)
|
1.34 ± 0.016
|
1.31 ± 0.027
|
1.37 ± 0.021
|
0.0700
|
|
LDL-C (mmol/l)
|
2.51 ± 0.048
|
2.50 ± 0.076
|
2.52 ± 0.061
|
0.9131
|
|
VLDL-C (mmol/l)
|
0.42 ± 0.012
|
0.46 ± 0.022
|
0.40 ± 0.013
|
0.0060
|
|
HDL-C/TC
|
0.31 ± 0.004
|
0.30 ± 0.006
|
0.32 ± 0.005
|
0.0702
|
|
TG/HDL-C
|
0.97 ± 0.042
|
1.11 ± 0.081
|
0.86 ± 0.039
|
0.0040
|
|
FBG (mmol/l)
|
5.19 ± 0.079
|
5.57 ± 0.15
|
4.9 ± 0.074
|
<0.0001
|
- Continuous data were presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Categorical data are presented as frequency with percentages in parenthesis. Continuous data were compared using unpaired t-test whilst categorical data were compared using Fischer’s exact test. VLDL-C: Very Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, LDL-C: Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, HDL-C: High Density Lipoprotein, TC: Total Cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, FBG: Fasting Blood Glucose, WHR: Waist-to-Hip Ratio, BMI: Body Mass Index, WC: Waist Circumference, WTR: Waist-to-Thigh Ratio, WHtR: Waist-to-Height Ratio, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, PP: Pulse Pressure, EAP: Economically active population.
