Table 3 Confirmatory factor analysis of the DREEM by subscale
Subscale | Item | Unstandardized factor loading | Standardized factor loading | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor loading | Standard error | t-value | Factor loading | Standard error | t-value | ||
Students’ perceptions of learning | |||||||
Q1 | 0.6239 | 0.1474 | 4.2320 | 0.3057 | 0.0636 | 4.8073 | |
Q7 | 1.4925 | 0.1784 | 8.3651 | 0.6789 | 0.0395 | 17.2052 | |
Q13 | 1.5760 | 0.1921 | 8.2029 | 0.6613 | 0.0410 | 16.1336 | |
Q16 | 1.1460 | 0.1380 | 8.3018 | 0.6720 | 0.0401 | 16.7727 | |
Q20 | 1.1417 | 0.1451 | 7.8664 | 0.6258 | 0.0440 | 14.2360 | |
Q21 | 1.1217 | 0.1550 | 7.2344 | 0.5627 | 0.0489 | 11.5139 | |
Q24 | 1.1284 | 0.1488 | 7.5834 | 0.5971 | 0.0463 | 12.9054 | |
Q25 | 0.9377 | 0.1863 | 5.0342 | 0.3692 | 0.0608 | 6.0761 | |
Q38 | 1.1364 | 0.1580 | 7.1945 | 0.5589 | 0.0492 | 11.3695 | |
Q44 | 1.5152 | 0.1902 | 7.9677 | 0.6364 | 0.0431 | 14.7670 | |
Q47 | 1.3846 | 0.2107 | 6.5728 | 0.5008 | 0.0532 | 9.4124 | |
Q48 | 1.3735 | 0.1782 | 7.7064 | 0.6095 | 0.0453 | 13.4582 | |
Students’ perceptions of faculty | |||||||
Q2 | 0.9471 | 0.1707 | 5.5478 | 0.4312 | 0.0588 | 7.3346 | |
Q6 | 1.2512 | 0.2332 | 5.3658 | 0.4144 | 0.0597 | 6.9396 | |
Q8 | 2.6053 | 0.3446 | 7.5599 | 0.6447 | 0.0440 | 14.6574 | |
Q9 | 2.5267 | 0.3653 | 6.9171 | 0.5698 | 0.0498 | 11.4454 | |
Q18 | 0.6911 | 0.2053 | 3.3669 | 0.2467 | 0.0670 | 3.6824 | |
Q29 | 2.5441 | 0.3336 | 7.6267 | 0.6529 | 0.0433 | 15.0756 | |
Q32 | 1.5668 | 0.2449 | 6.3969 | 0.5143 | 0.0537 | 9.5807 | |
Q37 | 1.8013 | 0.2452 | 7.3465 | 0.6190 | 0.0460 | 13.4430 | |
Q39 | 1.5016 | 0.2387 | 6.2913 | 0.5035 | 0.0544 | 9.2565 | |
Q40 | 1.2545 | 0.2119 | 5.9191 | 0.4665 | 0.0567 | 8.2243 | |
Q49 | 1.7067 | 0.2748 | 6.2098 | 0.4952 | 0.0549 | 9.0163 | |
Students’ academic self- perceptions | |||||||
Q5 | 0.6012 | 0.1221 | 4.9254 | 0.3497 | 0.0631 | 5.5419 | |
Q10 | 0.4707 | 0.0817 | 5.7588 | 0.4086 | 0.0602 | 6.7889 | |
Q22 | 1.1482 | 0.0966 | 11.8915 | 0.8251 | 0.0305 | 27.0709 | |
Q26 | 0.2701 | 0.0817 | 3.3063 | 0.2349 | 0.0675 | 3.4814 | |
Q27 | 0.8139 | 0.1087 | 7.4860 | 0.5303 | 0.0528 | 10.0414 | |
Q31 | 0.5603 | 0.0941 | 5.9548 | 0.4225 | 0.0594 | 7.1069 | |
Q41 | 0.6104 | 0.0866 | 7.0480 | 0.4995 | 0.0548 | 9.1071 | |
Q45 | 0.4088 | 0.0820 | 4.9855 | 0.3540 | 0.0629 | 5.6267 | |
Students’ perceptions of atmosphere | |||||||
Q11 | 0.6975 | 0.0894 | 7.7977 | 0.4994 | 0.0520 | 9.5969 | |
Q12 | 0.7920 | 0.1015 | 7.8063 | 0.4998 | 0.0520 | 9.6120 | |
Q17 | 0.3915 | 0.0923 | 4.2418 | 0.2845 | 0.0631 | 4.5067 | |
Q23 | 0.5747 | 0.0769 | 7.4694 | 0.4808 | 0.0532 | 9.0337 | |
Q30 | 0.5529 | 0.0753 | 7.3415 | 0.4735 | 0.0537 | 8.8208 | |
Q33 | 0.4993 | 0.0865 | 5.7701 | 0.3805 | 0.0589 | 6.4579 | |
Q34 | 0.5322 | 0.0759 | 7.0120 | 0.4546 | 0.0548 | 8.2879 | |
Q35 | 0.9709 | 0.0856 | 11.3359 | 0.6798 | 0.0382 | 17.8142 | |
Q36 | 0.7168 | 0.0930 | 7.7043 | 0.4941 | 0.0524 | 9.4342 | |
Q42 | 1.1167 | 0.1047 | 10.6660 | 0.6484 | 0.0409 | 15.8695 | |
Q43 | 1.0665 | 0.0901 | 11.8394 | 0.7025 | 0.0361 | 19.4404 | |
Q50 | 0.8264 | 0.1016 | 8.1352 | 0.5181 | 0.0508 | 10.2027 | |
Students’ social self- perceptions | |||||||
Q3 | 0.7794 | 0.0854 | 9.1271 | 0.6195 | 0.0464 | 13.3472 | |
Q4 | 0.9577 | 0.0880 | 10.8822 | 0.7233 | 0.0380 | 19.0504 | |
Q14 | 0.3078 | 0.0849 | 3.6231 | 0.2560 | 0.0669 | 3.8263 | |
Q15 | 0.5354 | 0.0832 | 6.4333 | 0.4473 | 0.0582 | 7.6908 | |
Q19 | 0.9263 | 0.0945 | 9.8048 | 0.6606 | 0.0432 | 15.3067 | |
Q28 | 0.8221 | 0.0941 | 8.7324 | 0.5951 | 0.0483 | 12.3271 | |
Q46 | 0.3790 | 0.0667 | 5.6826 | 0.3971 | 0.0609 | 6.5211 | |