Table 1 Description of the ten motivationally distinct value orientations as described by Schwartz [9]
Value | Description |
|---|---|
Self-direction | Independent thought and action: choosing, creating exploring. |
Stimulation | Excitement, novelty, and challenge in life. |
Hedonism | Pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself. |
Achievement | Personal success through demonstrating competence according to social standards. |
Power | Social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources |
Security | Safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationships, and of self |
Conformity | Restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms. |
Tradition | Respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture and religion provide the self |
Benevolence | Preserving and enhancing the welfare of those with whom one is in frequent personal contact |
Universalism | Understanding, appreciation, tolerance, and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature |