Disclosure of congenital cleft lip and palate to Japanese patients: reported patient experiences and relationship to self-esteem

Table 3 Participants’ initial awareness of and response to CL/P according to time period

Period when participant learned about CL/P	n	Satisfaction score^a	p-value^b
Before or during elementary school	34	3.24 ± 0.8	0.74*
Junior high school	11	2.82 ± 0.4	0.01**
High school/post-high school	26	1.92 ± 0.6	0.000***

CL/P, cleft lip and palate.
^aParticipants were asked to respond to the following statement: “I am satisfied that I came to know about my CL/P condition during this time period,” with one of four responses (strongly agree [4 points] to strongly disagree [1 point]). A higher score indicated greater satisfaction by the respondent.
^bSignificance defined as p < 0.05 and determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test as follows: *comparing elementary and junior high school periods, **comparing junior and high school/post-high school periods, and ***comparing elementary school and high school/post-high school periods.

ISSN: 1756-0500