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Table 2 Characteristics of benchmark cohort

From: Benefits of applying a proxy eligibility period when using electronic health records for outcomes research: a simulation study

Variable

N (%)

Mean (SD)

Sample size, final

6,717 (100)

 

Age (years)

 

69 (10.7)

Gender

 Female

3,319 (49.4)

 

 Male

3,398 (50.6)

 

Race

 Caucasian

5,783 (86.1)

 

 African American

180 (2.7)

 

 Asian

31 (0.5)

 

 Other/unknown

723 (10.8)

 

US region

 Midwest

3,956 (58.9)

 

 South

1,529 (22.8)

 

 West

878 (13.1)

 

 Northeast

173 (2.6)

 

 Other/unknown

181 (2.7)

 

Outcomes in the 12 months post index

 Comorbidity

  Asthma

1,536 (22.9)

 

  Chronic kidney disease

840 (12.5)

 

  Cardiovascular disease

2,186 (32.5)

 

  Depression

851 (12.7)

 

 COPD medication of interest

  Inhaled corticosteroid

937 (13.9)

0.21 (0.6)

  Inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta agonists

2,832 (42.4)

0.72 (1.08)

  Long-acting beta agonists

226 (3.4)

0.05 (0.3)

  Long-acting muscarinic antagonists

2,219 (33.0)

0.53 (0.93)

 COPD-related symptoms

  Cough

3,958 (58.9)

2.93 (5.49)

  Reduced ability to perform activities

2,166 (32.2)

1.07 (3.13)

  Shortness of breath

4,284 (63.8)

3.48 (5.48)

  Wheezing

2,931 (43.6)

1.47 (3.11)

 Exacerbations

1,296 (19.3)

0.3 (0.78)

 All-cause resource utilization

  Emergency room visit

583 (8.7)

0.17 (0.78)

  Hospitalization

596 (8.9)

0.15 (0.56)

  Office visit

5,464 (81.3)

9.5 (11.12)