White matter deficits assessed by diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive dysfunction in psychostimulant users with comorbid human immunodeficiency virus infection

Table 7 Comparison of neurocognitive data between groups

Test-variable	Controls (n = 22)	Patients (n = 21)	Test statistic	Effect size (d)
TMT trail A (s)	31.05 ± 1.22	33.81 ± 2.46	−0.74	−0.23
TMT trail B (s)^b	66.77 ± 4.70	101.29 ± 10.30	147.0 (−2.04)*	−0.65
Grooved pegboard dominant hand (s)	65.86 ± 1.95	95.05 ± 5.49	−3.96**	−1.23
Grooved pegboard non-dominant hand (s)	71.05 ± 2.03	90.35^a ± 4.05	−3.80**	−1.21
RVP A′	0.89 ± 0.01	0.86^a ± 0.01	−1.84	−0.56
CVLT-II total recall	45.86 ± 1.98	34.33 ± 2.47	−2.37*	−0.72
CVLT-II short delay free recall	10.23 ± 0.74	7.00 ± 0.67	−2.13*	−0.65
CVLT-II long delay free recall	10.45 ± 0.61	7.48 ± 0.79	−1.67	−0.51
CVLT-II recognition discriminability	3.04 ± 0.19	2.47 ± 0.17	−1.30	−0.40
IED EDS errors^b	9.55 ± 2.16	17.10 ± 2.40	168.0 (−1.53)	−0.61
IED Pre-EDS errors^b	21.41 ± 4.34	43.86 ± 7.43	191.0 (−0.972)	−0.68

Numbers indicate raw scores of group mean ± SEM with no mathematical transformations (lower scores represent better performance on variables measured in seconds or errors)
Significant difference between groups * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01
TMT trail making test, RVP rapid visual information processing, CVLT California verbal learning test, IED intra/extra dimensional shift
^an = 20; test statistic = t value from independent t-tests or ^b Mann–Whitney U (z) value from the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test for non-normal data

ISSN: 1756-0500