Table 2 Association between demographic and clinical characteristics and cause of death, collapsed into trauma versus non-trauma
Characteristic | Sub categories | Trauma | Non-trauma | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%)a | N (%)a | |||
57 (31.8 %) | 122 (68.2 %) | |||
Baseline characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | <30 | 24 (42.1) | 27 (22.1) | 0.02 |
30–50 | 12 (21.1) | 38 (31.2) | ||
>50 | 21 (26.8) | 57 (46.7) | ||
Gender | Male | 42 (76.4) | 61 (50.0) | <0.01 |
Female | 13 (23.6) | 61 (50.0) | ||
Triage level | Red | 29 (51.8) | 39 (32.5) | 0.03 |
Orange | 25 (44.6) | 63 (52.5) | ||
Yellow | 2 (3.6) | 16 (13.3) | ||
Green | 0 (0) | 2 (1.7) | ||
Method of referral | Referred from hospital, clinic, health centre | 45 (83.3) | 74 (63.3) | 0.01 |
Self referral | 9 (16.7) | 43 (36.7) | ||
Duration of symptoms | <4 h | 24 (42.1) | 12 (10.1) | <0.01 |
4–24 h | 24 (42.1) | 28 (23.5) | ||
>24–48 h | 3 (5.3) | 11 (9.2) | ||
>48 h–1 week | 5 (8.8) | 20 (16.8) | ||
>1 week | 1 (1.7) | 48 (40.4) | ||
Mode of transportation to ED | Ambulance | 17 (30.4) | 20 (17.4) | 0.21 |
Car/truck | 7 (12.5) | 12 (10.4) | ||
Taxi | 30 (53.6) | 76 (66.1) | ||
Walk-in/carried | 2 (3.5) | 7 (6.1) | ||
# Prior ED visits in past 30 days | 0 | 55 (98.2) | 89 (74.2) | <0.01 |
1 | 0 (0) | 17 (14.2) | ||
≥2 | 1 (1.8) | 14 (11.6) | ||
Day of ED presentation | Weekday | 35 (63.6) | 85 (69.7) | 0.43 |
Weekend | 20 (36.4) | 37 (30.3) | ||
Type of payment | Free | 3 (5.3) | 29 (24.0) | <0.01 |
Non-free (self-pay) | 54 (94.7) | 92 (76.0) | ||
Timing and location of death | ||||
Time of presentation to ED | Daytime | 23 (41.1) | 65 (54.2) | 0.26 |
Evening | 14 (25.0) | 25 (20.8) | ||
Overnight | 19 (33.9) | 30 (25.0) | ||
Time of death | Daytime | 24 (43.6) | 40 (33.1) | 0.29 |
Evening | 15 (27.3) | 32 (26.5) | ||
Overnight | 16 (29.1) | 49 (40.4) | ||
Location of death | In the ED | 53 (94.6) | 110 (91.7) | 0.48 |
On the ward (any) | 3 (5.4) | 10 (8.3) | ||