Out-of-pocket expenditure and its determinants in the context of private healthcare sector expansion in sub-Saharan Africa urban cities: evidence from household survey in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Table 5 Log-linear generalized estimating equations of expenditure on health

	Model 1				Model 2
	Coef.	SE	95 % CI	p value	Coef.	SE	95 % CI	p value
Age, year (>64 = ref)
0–4	−0.20	0.21	−0.60; 0.21	0.348	−0.17	0.16	−0.49; 0.15	0.289
5–14	−0.08	0.19	−0.45; 0.29	0.672	−0.13	0.14	−0.41; 0.15	0.371
15–64	−0.03	0.16	−0.034; 0.29	0.870	−0.06	0.13	−0.30; 0.19	0.653
Gender (male = ref)
Female	0.00	0.06	−0.13; 0.12	0.949	−0.01	0.05	−0.11; 0.09	0.882
Household size (>3 persons = ref)
1 person	1.18	0.28	0.63; 1.74	<0.001	0.86	0.24	0.38; 1.34	<0.001
2–3 persons	0.86	0.32	0.22; 1.49	0.008	0.63	0.27	0.10; 1.16	0.020
Filiation (other member = ref)
Household head and spouse	−0.09	0.11	−0.32; 0.13	0.415	0.14	0.09	−0.04; 0.32	0.140
Son-daughter/grandson-daughter	−0.13	0.13	−0.40; 0.13	0.333	0.02	0.10	−0.017; 0.21	0.820
Type of disease (other conditions = ref)
Reporting malaria	−0.86	0.12	−1.09; −0.63	<0.001	−0.64	0.11	−0.85; −0.43	<0.001
Insurance (uninsured = ref)
Insured	0.56	0.22	0.13; 1.00	0.010	0.51	0.17	0.17; 0.85	0.003
Type of provider^a
Self-treatment
Public					0.97	0.15	0.67; 1.27	<0.001
Private	0.48	0.11	0.27; 0.69	<0.001	1.41	0.15	1.11; 1.71	<0.001
Total observations (n)				1044				1573

All estimates are adjusted for each covariate for the effects of the other covariates
^aIn model 1, we exclude persons who self-treated and used public provider as reference
^aIn model 2 we included the entire sample and used self-treatment as a reference for public and private provider choice
CI confidence interval, SE standard error

ISSN: 1756-0500