Factors associated with the failure of first and second-line antiretroviral therapies therapy, a case control study in Cambodian HIV-1 infected children

Barennes, Hubert; Virak, Kang; Rouet, François; Buisson, Yves; Strobel, Michel; Vibol, Ung

doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1884-y

Table 3 Virological failure and associated factors for children on ART at National Pediatric Hospital (Uni and multivariate analysis)

From: Factors associated with the failure of first and second-line antiretroviral therapies therapy, a case control study in Cambodian HIV-1 infected children

	Success	%	Failure	%	Total	%	p	Crude			Adj.
	N = 214	92.2	N = 18	7.8	232	%	p	OR	95 % CI	p	OR	95 % CI	p
Male	107	50.0	10	55.6	117	50.4	0.6	0.8	0.2–2.3	0.8	NI
Female	107	50.0	8	44.4	115	49.6					NI
Age up 7 years
Age ≤ 7 years	24	11.2	1	5.6	25	10.8	0.4	2.1	0.3–93.4	0.7	NI
Age > 7 years	190	88.8	17	94.4	207	89.2
Orphan both parents
No	135	63.1	10	55.6	145	62.5	0.5	1.3	0.4–4.0	0.6	NI
Yes	79	36.9	8	44.4	87	37.5
Orphan mother
No	116	54.2	10	55.6	126	54.3	0.9	0.9	0.3–2.7	1	NI
Yes	98	45.8	8	44.4	106	45.7
Living status
Living with parents	144	67.3	11	61.1	155	66.8	0.5	1.3	0.4–3.8	0.6	NI
Living in orphanage	70	32.7	7	38.9	77	33.2
Profession of parents
Mother low skilled^a
No	48	22.4	4	22.2	52	22.4	0.9	1.0	0.2–5.3	1	NI
Yes	69	32.2	6	33.3	75	32.3
Father low skilled^a
No	23		3	16.7			0.6	0.6	0.1–4.6	0.6	NI
Yes	66		6	33.3
Cared for at home by
Mother	70	32.7	9	50.0	79	34.1	0.03	1 (Ref.)
Caregiver	69	32.2	7	38.9	76	32.8		0.7	0.2–2.5	0.7	NI
Father	32	15.0	1	5.6	33	14.2		0.2	0.0–1.9	0.2
Grandmother	30	14.0	1	5.6	31	13.4		0.5	0.0–4.1	1	NI
Other	13	6.1	0	0.0	13	5.6		0.0	NA	0.3	NI
House standard
Family expense >2 USD/day
No	19	8.9	3	16.7	22	9.5	0.2	0.4	0.1–2.8	0.3	NI
Yes	195	91.1	15	83.3	210	90.5
Have a TV set
No	74	34.6	9	50.0	83	35.8	0.1	0.5	0.1–1.5	0.2	NS
Yes	140	65.4	9	50.0	149	64.2
Mean weight gain over last 24 months^b	3.8 (3.4–4.1)		3.3 (2.0–4.5)				0.4				NI
Knew his/her disease
No	194	90.7	16	88.9	210	90.5	0.8	1.2	0.1–5.7	0.6	NI
Yes	20	9.3	2	11.1	22	9.5
Caregiver knows child treatment
No	30	14.0	0	0.0	30	12.9	0.08	0.0	NA	0.1	NS
Yes	184	86.0	18	100.0	202	87.1
Initial WHO stage
0	41	19.2	1	5.6	42	18.1	0.1	4.0	0.5–172	0.2	NS
sup à 1	173	80.8	17	94.4	190	81.9
CD4 cells <15 % (initial)
No	31	14.5	2	11.1	33	14.2	0.6	1.3	0.2–12.7	1	NI
Yes	183	85.5	16	88.9	199	85.8
CD4 cells ≤15 % (last)
No	207	96.7	7	38.8	214	92.2	<0.001	46.4	13.8–155	<0.001	40.4	11–134	<0.001
Yes	7	3.2	11	61.1	18	7.7
Treatment
First-line ART	162	75.7	14	72.2	175	75.4	0.7	1.1	0.3–3.7	0.4
Second-line ART	52	24.3	4	27.8	57	24.6					NI
Adherence	208	97.2	18	100.0	226	97.4	0.4	0.0	0–7.7	1
Non-adherence	6	2.8	0	0.0	6	2.6
Initial regimen with NVP
No	48	22.4	2	11.1	50	21.6	0.3	2.3	0.5–21.3	0.3	NI
Yes	166	77.6	16	88.9	182	78.4
Initial regimen with D4T
No	48	22.4	3	16.7	51	22.0	0.5	1.4	0.3–8.0	0.7	NI
Yes	166	77.6	15	83.3	181	78.0

Variables in italics with p < 0.2 were included in the multivariate analyses
Numbers and (percentages). Median and (interquartile range). Mean and [95 % confidence interval]
NI not included, NS non significant, CI Confidence interval
^aLow skilled workers were: farmers, workers or factory workers, motor-taxi drivers, domestic helpers
^bFor children on first-line ART (OR 44.9 95 % CI 10.2–196.2) and the second-line group (OR 69; 95 % CI 4.7–995)

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