Table 3 Potential risk/indicator factors for herd level brucellosis seropositivity based on univariate analysis
From: Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan
Factors | Levels | Herds examined (number positive) | Apparent prevalence (95% CI) | True prevalence (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urbanicity | Rural | 140 (20) | 14.3 (8.9–21.2) | 22.5 (13.4–31.7) | 0.747 |
Urban | 113 (27) | 23.9 (16.4–32.8) | 37.7 (25.2–50.1) |  | |
Presence of animals with metritis | No | 241 (42) | 17.4 (12.9–22.8) | 27.4 (19.9–35.0) | 0.057 |
Yes | 12 (5) | 41.7 (15.2–72.3) | 65.7 (21.7–100) |  | |
Abortion in third trimester | No | 243 (38) | 15.6 (11.3–20.8) | 24.6 (17.4–31.8) | <0.001 |
Yes | 10 (9) | 90.0 (55.5–99.7) | 100 |  | |
Herd size | Small | 134 (42) | 31.3 (23.6–39.9) | 49.4 (37.0–61.79) | <0.001 |
Large | 119 (5) | 4.2 (1.4–9.5) | 6.6 (0.9–12.3) |  | |
Insemination method | Natural | 113 (24) | 21.2 (14.1–29.9) | 33.5 (21.5–45.3) | <0.001 |
Artificial | 101 (3) | 3.0 (0.6–8.4) | 4.6 (0.0–9.9) |  | |
Both | 39 (20) | 51.3 (34.8–67.6) | 80.8 (56.1–100) |  | |
Districts/territory | ICT | 55 (11) | 20.0 (10.4–33.0) | 31.5 (14.9–48.2) | 0.440 |
Rawalpindi | 112 (17) | 15.2 (9.1–23.2) | 23.9 (13.4–34.4) |  | |
Attock | 86 (19) | 22.1 (13.9–32.3) | 34.8 (21.0–48.7) |  | |
Sampling sites | Ahmadal | 21 (4) | 19.1 (5.4–41.9) | 30.0 (3.5–56.5) |  |
Attock | 31 (7) | 22.6 (9.6–41.1) | 35.6 (12.4–58.8) |  | |
Chak Shahzad | 10 (5) | 50.0 (18.7–81.3) | 78.8 (30.0–100) |  | |
Chountra | 42 (7) | 16.7 (7.0–31.4) | 26.3 (8.5–44.0) |  | |
Kahuta | 27 (3) | 11.1 (2.4–29.2) | 17.5 (0–36.2) |  | |
Kallar | 43 (7) | 16.3 (6.8–30.7) | 25.7 (8.3–43.1) |  | |
Kherimurat | 34 (8) | 23.5 (10.7–41.2) | 37.1 (14.6–59.6) |  | |
Rawat | 45 (6) | 13.3 (5.1–26.8) | 21.0 (5.4–36.7) |  |