Fig. 1

Perspex cage measuring 25 X 25 x 80 cm (length) separated by a removable cardboard frame (P). The restrained hamster smeared with the oil preparation on the legs, tail, and mouth parts is on the test chamber B. Sand flies were held in chamber A and had to make contact with the removable cardboard and pass through the perforated partition (P) to reach the bait (hamster) in chamber B. Repellency was determined by counting the number of sand flies that landed on the hamsters’ legs, tail, and mouth parts for a period of five minutes each at intervals of 30 min