Table 1 Survey questions

Q1. Do you know the word “doping”?

Q2. Have you ever attended a lecture about doping before?

Q3. Do you think that athletes are permitted to use the prohibited substance to improve their performance?

Q4. Do you think athletes were never permitted to use the prohibited substance for medical treatment?

Q5. Did you know that the most common doping violation in Japan is unintentional doping?

Q6. Do you know of any past cases of doping?

Q7. What was the past case of doping that you know of?

e.g. “intentional doping” or “unintentional doping”. e.g. “international competition” or “domestic competition”

Q8. Did you know that OTC medicines and dietary supplements might contain prohibited substances?

Q9. Did you know that the names of prohibited substance might not appear on the ingredients label on dietary supplements?

Q10. Who do you think should mainly get involved in anti-doping activities for athletes?

e.g. “Doctor”, “Dentist”, “Pharmacist”, “Nurse”, Physical therapist”, Occupational therapist”, Nutritionist”, “Coach”, “Trainer”, or “others”

Q11. Who do you think should be mainly as an advisor about dietary supplements?

e.g. “Doctor”, “Dentist”, “Pharmacist”, “Nurse”, Physical therapist”, Occupational therapist”, Nutritionist”, “Coach”, “Trainer”, or “others”

Q12. Do you want to attend a lecture about doping in the future?