Table 1 The Trypophobia Questionnaire and its Rasch-based psychometric properties
| Â | Location (standard error) | Infit mean-square (Zstd) | Outfit mean-square (Zstd) | First contrast loading | Second contrast loading | DIF contrast for sex | DIF contrast for age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feel freaked out | − 0.50 (0.06) | 1.07 (1.10) | 1.08 (1.00) | 0.55 | − 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.00 |
Feel aversion, disgust or repulsion | − 1.75 (0.05) | 0.88 (− 2.10) | 0.88 (− 1.80) | 0.61 | 0.41 | 0.16 | 0.08 |
Feel uncomfortable or uneasy | − 1.68 (0.05) | 0.73 (− 4.80) | 0.80 (− 3.10) | 0.63 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.10 |
Feel like panicking or screaming | 0.33 (0.07) | 0.98 (− 0.20) | 0.83 (− 1.70) | 0.24 | − 0.45 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
Feel anxious, full of dread or fearful | − 0.52 (0.06) | 0.87 (− 2.00) | 0.84 (− 2.10) | 0.46 | − 0.31 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
Feel sick or nauseous | 0.02 (0.06) | 0.87 (− 1.90) | 0.74 (− 3.10) | − 0.13 | − 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.06 |
Feel nervous (e.g., heart pounding, butterflies in stomach, sweating, stomachache, etc.) | 0.05 (0.06) | 0.92 (− 1.10) | 0.87 (− 1.40) | − 0.09 | − 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.06 |
Feel like going crazy | 0.00 (0.06) | 0.82 (− 2.60) | 0.79 (− 2.40) | − 0.14 | − 0.27 | 0.00 | 0.22 |
Have an urge to destroy the holes | 0.97 (0.08) | 2.16 (9.90) | 2.32 (7.10) | − 0.06 | − 0.22 | 0.51 | 0.33 |
Feel itchiness | 0.24 (0.06) | 1.56 (6.60) | 1.40 (3.60) | − 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.20 |
Feel skin crawl | − 0.90 (0.05) | 0.86 (− 2.30) | 0.82 (− 2.70) | − 0.20 | 0.66 | 0.17 | 0.09 |
Have goosebumps | − 0.83 (0.05) | 0.96 (− 0.70) | 0.93 (− 0.90) | − 0.40 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
Feel like crying | 1.96 (0.10) | 1.57 (4.50) | 0.89 (− 0.50) | − 0.37 | − 0.37 | 0.13 | 0.19 |
Vomit | 1.40 (0.08) | 1.08 (0.90) | 0.77 (− 1.40) | − 0.41 | − 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.07 |
Get chills | − 0.26 (0.06) | 1.14 (2.10) | 1.01 (0.10) | − 0.43 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.10 |
Have trouble breathing | 0.63 (0.07) | 0.97 (− 0.40) | 0.86 (− 1.20) | − 0.27 | − 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.21 |
Shiver | 0.83 (0.07) | 0.98 (− 0.20) | 0.72 (− 2.40) | − 0.47 | − 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.11 |