Fig. 2

Recommendations excluded at each step, for public and private datasets. Recommendations were downloaded from the websites of the Choosing Wisely initiatives in the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom in January 2017 [12,13,14,15]. All recommendations were then assessed against the four criteria in the Australian hospital inpatient setting and the private and public inpatient claims data settings. Differences in the measurable recommendations between private and public are due to differences in the variables held in the two datasets