Table 2 Factors associated HRQOL among older women in Vietnam and Australia (n = 480)

Physical health

 Correct model

< .01

 Intercept

67.13

< .01

46.96

87.29

 Nation of residency

  Australians

6.80

< .01

3.55

10.04

  Vietnamese

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Age

− .33

< .05

− .64

− .02

  Number of chronic diseases

− 2.96

< .01

− 3.88

− 2.03

 Fruit consumption

  ≥ 2 servings daily

4.81

< .01

2.56

7.06

  < 2 servings daily

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Daily physical activity level

  Very active

− .11

< .01

− 3.09

2.87

  Sedentary

− 5.60

− 10.17

− 1.04

  Mildly active

− 4.35

− 7.03

− 1.66

  Moderately active

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Exercise status

  None

− 3.08

< .05

− 5.57

− .59

  Not daily

− 3.25

− 6.70

.20

  Daily

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Sleep disturbance

  Yes

− 2.89

< .05

− 5.27

− .51

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 BMI

  Obese

− 4.20

< .05

− 7.39

− 1.00

  Underweight

− 6.28

− 11.64

− .92

  Overweight

− 1.70

− 4.23

.83

  Normal

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Adjusted R square

28.3%

Mental health

 Correct model

< .01

 Intercept

56.25

< .01

54.33

58.16

 Nation of residency

  Australians

.17

.90

− 2.51

2.86

  Vietnamese

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Number of chronic diseases

− .88

< .05

− 1.63

− .13

 Fruit consumption

  ≥ 2 servings daily

3.15

< .01

1.30

5.00

  < 2 servings daily

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Daily physical activity level

  Very active

− 5.71

< .01

− 8.19

− 3.22

  Sedentary

− 5.72

− 9.60

− 1.85

  Mildly active

− .55

− 2.77

1.67

  Moderately active

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Alcohol consumption

  Yes

− 2.55

.05

− 5.11

.00

  No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Adjusted R square

8.2%