Table 1 Values (mean ± SD) of oral and nasal hind call variables and repeated measures ANOVA results for comparison the mean values between 2011 and 2012 years separately for oral and nasal calls
From: Between-year vocal aging in female red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Acoustic variable | Nasal calls (n = 13 hinds) | Oral calls (n = 7 hinds) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | 2012 | ANOVA | 2011 | 2012 | ANOVA | |
duration (s) | 0.84 ± 0.29 | 0.81 ± 0.28 | F1,12 = 0.16; p = 0.69 | 0.68 ± 0.21 | 0.68 ± 0.22 | F1,6 = 0.03; p = 0.88 |
f0beg (Hz) | 139 ± 23 | 127 ± 30 | F 1,12 = 8.41; p = 0.013 | 141 ± 28 | 129 ± 16 | F1,6 = 2.08; p = 0.20 |
f0max (Hz) | 180 ± 31 | 173 ± 30 | F 1,12 = 5.21; p = 0.04 | 184 ± 27 | 178 ± 34 | F1,6 = 0.53; p = 0.49 |
f0end (Hz) | 88 ± 14 | 81 ± 21 | F1,12 = 3.16; p = 0.10 | 88 ± 7 | 83 ± 7 | F 1,6 = 7.14; p = 0.037 |
df0 (Hz) | 91 ± 26 | 78 ± 24 | F 1,12 = 15.82; p = 0.002 | 96 ± 26 | 82 ± 31 | F1,6 = 2.12; p = 0.20 |
fpeak (Hz) | 1076 ± 515 | 808 ± 601 | F1,12 = 4.16; p = 0.06 | 1404 ± 308 | 1063 ± 308 | F1,6 = 3.75; p = 0.10 |
q25 (Hz) | 681 ± 186 | 667 ± 227 | F1,12 = 0.07; p = 0.80 | 903 ± 218 | 887 ± 268 | F1,6 = 0.03; p = 0.88 |
q50 (Hz) | 1571 ± 261 | 1627 ± 282 | F1,12 = 0.88; p = 0.37 | 1699 ± 123 | 1667 ± 261 | F1,6 = 0.11; p = 0.76 |
q75 (Hz) | 2526 ± 171 | 2739 ± 318 | F1,12 = 4.09; p = 0.07 | 2532 ± 180 | 2616 ± 209 | F1,6 = 1.21; p = 0.31 |