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Table 2 Estimate value of direct payments (XOF) by variables according to place of residence

From: Distribution of out of pocket health expenditures in a sub-Saharan Africa country: evidence from the national survey of household standard of living, Côte d’Ivoire

Variables

Rural (n = 3311)

Urban (n = 2296)

Abidjan (n = 708)

pa

Mean ± SD (Médiane)

Mean ±SD (Médiane)

Mean ± SD (Médiane)

Gender

Male

15,060.8 ± 27,215.43 (10,000)

16,830.7 ± 37,946.1 (10,000)

23,334.2 ± 60,489.3 (11,000)

0.003*

Female

13,777.6 ± 23,414.6 (10,000)

15,246.4 ± 27,392.4 (10,000)

23,555.6 ± 49,602.0 (11,000)

0.000*

p

0.7880

0.2837

0.1266

 

Age in years

0–4

10,371.0 ± 12,763.1 (7000)

10,784.7 ± 15,250.0 (8000)

14,385.1 ± 27,398.5 (10,000)

0.0035*

5–14

9273.7 ± 10,062.9 (6500)

9696.1 ± 9143.4 (7000)

11,452.9 ± 11,447.1 (8350)

0.0552

15–34

14,295.3 ± 17,971.1 (10,000)

14,107.8 ± 14,766.3 (10,000)

22,364.4 ± 44,930.0 (10,763)

0.0038*

35–64

17,397.5 ± 31,221.6 (11,000)

21,287.2 ± 47,047.3 (12,000)

31,655.7 ± 38,661.5 (13,000)

0.0065*

≥ 65

23,450.2 ± 54,012.1 (11,000)

30,032.3 ± 70,913.4 (17,500)

31,482.4 ± 38,661.5 (15,250)

0.0029*

p

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

 

Marital status

Married (e) or Free relationship

16,822.0 ± 29,086.1 (10,400)

19,179.9 ± 38,635.8 (12,000)

29,595.8 ± 72,907.6 (13,000)

< 0.001*

Divorced (e) or widow (er)

15,819.4 ± 17,249.8 (10,400)

25,231.6 ± 61,897.1 (15,000)

26,523.3 ± 34,526 (14,000)

0.0016*

Single

11,290.9 ± 21,002.1 (7250)

11,553.2 ± 15,121.4 (8000)

16,677.1 ± 29,712.2 (10,000)

< 0.001*

p

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

 

Level of education

Not educated

15,275.2 ± 27,857.45 (10,000)

16,739.1 ± 35,342.6 (10,000)

22,098.4 ± 45,135.9 (12,000)

< 0.001*

Primary

13,902.6 ± 16,782.9 (9750)

13,975.0 ± 18,162.2 (9625)

24,370.4 ± 72,783.0 (10,000)

0.1074

Secondary

17,940.7 ± 39,103.8 (10,500)

18,388.4 ± 45,466.0 (10,000)

21,748.7 ± 30,031.9 (11,000)

0.0950

Superior

14,069.2 ± 16,074.3 (9500)

18,590.7 ± 17,833.7 (13,350)

39,365.2 ± 95,930.9 (10,000)

0.1280

p

0.0933

< 0.001*

0.2696

 

Quintile of household’s expenditure on consumables

1

10,048.2 ± 10,835.5 (7000)

8,327.5 ± 8234.7 (5200)

13,300.0 ± 6184.9 (14,500)

0.0116*

2

10,321.5 ± 10,163.5 (7500)

11,910.4 ± 12,554.5 (8000)

16,322.8 ± 18,991.3 (11,000)

0.0673

3

12,793.5 ± 14,357.1 (10,000)

13,890.0 ± 16,083.1 (9000)

15,919.8 ± 22,026.0 (11,000)

0.0993

4

15,652.7 ± 22,126.5 (10,000)

15,090.7 ± 17,238.0 (10,325)

15,651.1 ± 22,594.0 (10,000)

0.3439

5

22,410.0 ± 46,277.6 (12,000)

22,292.1 ± 54,438.7 (11,500)

28,950.7 ± 69,385.9 (11,000)

0.4711

p

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.0277*

 

Convenience score

0

13,600.0 ± 21,423.9 (9300)

13,518.6 ± 27,361.4 (8150)

18,250.0 ± 12,586.4 (17,250)

0.3644

1

15,640.9 ± 32,767.5 (10,000)

13,836.4 ± 21,177.7 (9030)

29,842.0 ± 51,142.1 (10,500)

0.4920

2

15,404.6 ± 17,823.0 (10,000)

17,554.6 ± 43,740.7 (10,500)

22,407.9 ± 62,785.7 (10,500)

0.1333

3

14,428.9 ± 16,637.3 (10,000)

20,824.2 ± 31,873.6 (13,500)

23,368.8 ± 51,978.8 (11,000)

0.4175

4

17,230.8 ± 13,450.7 (15,000)

32,741.7 ± 54,566.2 (10,000)

0.2096

p

0.0467*

< 0.001*

0.9131

 

Size of households

1

17,361.3 ± 39,695.6 (10,000)

16,336.0 ± 28,150.5 (9000)

21,111.2 ± 30,747.8 (10,250)

0.6091

2 à 3

15,960.9 ± 30,304.6 (10,000)

15,201.7 ± 22,642.5 (10,000)

24,168.7 ± 37,318.2 (12,000)

< 0.001*

4 à 5

13,713.1 ± 21,595.4 (9230)

17,184.4 ± 46,486.7 (10,000)

24,692.7 ± 74,258.8 (10,000)

0.0057*

6 à 7

12,706.7 ± 19,220.0 (8500)

16,011.3 ± 32,073.8 (10,000)

24,754.4 ± 62,636.6 (11,000)

< 0.001*

> 7

13,271.1 ± 15,119.4 (10,000)

15,075 ± 17,873.5 (10,100)

18,154.6 ± 24,731.1 (11,000)

0.0472*

p

0.1841

0.6702

0.3781

 

Chronic disease

Declared

23,678.9 ± 44,549.4 (14,500)

29,196.2 ± 62,923.0 (15,000)

35,223.5 ± 86,272.5 (13,000)

< 0.001*

Not declared

13,746.1 ± 23,231.0 (9230)

14,788.7 ± 27,017.3 (10,000)

21,923.4 ± 49,618.7 (10,500)

0.9328

p

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.0145*

 

Insurance or financial aid for medical expenses

Yes

15,610.2 ± 40,299.0 (8000)

22,352.0 ± 60,048.6 (11,318)

37,317.6 ± 89,391.4 (11,000)

< 0.001*

No

14,345.7 ± 23,738.5 (10,000)

15,172.8 ± 27,318.5 (10,000)

21,376.2 ± 47,743.1 (11,000)

< 0.001*

p

0.1028

0.0010*

0.2423

 
  1. ap-value of the log of health expenditure