Table 1 Demographic and household information of the study participants
From: Identifying asymptomatic Leishmania infections in non-endemic villages in Gedaref state, Sudan
| Â | Study villages | Total | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abukishma | Algadamblia Aljabal | Algadamblia Tirfa | Abualnaja | |||
Gender | ||||||
 Male | 18 (46.2%) | 1 (2.6%) | 12 (30.8%) | 8 (20.5%) | 39 (41.1%) | 0.010 |
 Female | 34 (60.7%) | 2 (3.6%) | 3 (5.4%) | 17 (30.4%) | 56 (58.9%) | |
Participants age | ||||||
  ≤ 40 years | 19 (44.2%) | 3 (7.0%) | 9 (20.9%) | 12 (27.9%) | 43 (45.3%) | 0.318 |
  > 40 years | 33 (63.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (11.5%) | 13 (25.0%) | 52 (54.7%) | |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married | 46 (61.3%) | 1 (1.3%) | 10 (13.3%) | 18 (24.1%) | 75 (78.9%) | 0.033 |
 Single | 6 (30.0%) | 2 (10.0%) | 5 (25.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 20 (21.1%) | |
Education status | ||||||
 Illiterate | 7 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (14.3%) | 5 (35.7%) | 14 (14.7%) | 0.004 |
 Khalwa | 31 (79.5%) | 1 (2.6%) | 2 (5.1%) | 5 (12.8%) | 39 (41.1%) | |
 Educated | 14 (50.0%) | 2 (7.1%) | 11 (17.9%) | 15 (25.0%) | 42 (44.2%) | |
Occupation | ||||||
 Farmer | 34 (66.7%) | 1 (2.0%) | 7 (13.7%) | 9 (17.6%) | 51 (53.7%) | 0.230 |
 Student | 7 (41.2%) | 2 (11.8%) | 4 (23.5%) | 4 (23.5%) | 17 (17.9%) | |
 Teacher | 3 (42.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (28.6%) | 2 (28.6%) | 7 (7.4%) | |
 Housewife | 5 (45.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 5 (45.5%) | 11 (11.6%) | |
 Driver | 3 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (11.1%) | 5 (55.6%) | 9 (9.5%) | |
Household type | ||||||
 Thatched with windows | 21 (39.6%) | 3 (5.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | 16 (30.2%) | 53 (55.8%) | 0.007 |
 Thatched without windows | 31 (75.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 9 (22.0%) | 41 (43.2%) | |
 Bricked house | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
Forests visiting | ||||||
 Yes | 23 (74.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 7 (22.6%) | 31 (32.6%) | 0.045 |
 No | 29 (45.3%) | 3 (4.7%) | 14 (21.9%) | 18 (28.1%) | 64 (67.4%) | |
Vegetations | ||||||
 Inside the house | 41 (52.6%) | 3 (3.8%) | 13 (16.7%) | 21 (26.9%) | 78 (82.1%) | 0.870 |
 Around the house | 11 (64.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (11.8%) | 4 (23.5%) | 17 (17.9%) | |
Animal breeding | ||||||
 Inside the house | 44 (51.8%) | 3 (3.5%) | 14 (16.5%) | 24 (28.2%) | 85 (89.5%) | 0.358 |
 Outside the house | 8 (80.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 10 (10.5%) | |
Insects biting | ||||||
 Crepuscular | 13 (100%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (13.7%) | 0.001 |
 Nocturnal | 5 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (66.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (15.8%) | |
 Crepuscular and nocturnal | 34 (5.7%) | 3 (4.5%) | 5 (7.5%) | 25 (37.3%) | 67 (70.5%) | |
Insects control | ||||||
 Aerosols | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (3.2%) | 0.001 |
 Aerosols and bed nets | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (100%) | 3 (3.2%) | |
 Bed nets | 35 (60.3%) | 3 (5.2%) | 13 (22.4%) | 7 (12.1%) | 58 (61.1%) | |
 Repellants | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (100%) | 1 (1.1%) | |
 Smoke | 2 (16.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 9 (75.0%) | 12 (12.6%) | |
 Smoke and bed nets | 2 (100%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.1%) | |
 No control method | 13 (76.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (5.9%) | 3 (17.6%) | 17 (17.9%) | |