Table 3 Participant identified role of nursing officers in preventing emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance and anticipated barriers
Nurses role in preventing emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance | ||
|---|---|---|
Theme | Subtheme | N (%)a |
Infection control (80, 41.9%) | Practicing hand hygiene | 37 (19.4) |
Ensuring environmental hygiene | 23 (12.0) | |
Barrier nursing | 2 (1.0) | |
Proper use of sterilization and disinfection methods | 12 (6.3) | |
Not sharing equipment across patients | 4 (2.1) | |
Hospital waste management | 2 (1.0) | |
Health education (40, 20.9%) | Educate patients to follow physician advice on antibiotic use | 10 (5.2) |
Educate patients on antibiotic course | 5 (2.6) | |
Educate patients on preventing communicable diseases | 5 (2.6) | |
Educate patients on personal hygiene and environmental hygiene | 3 (1.6) | |
Health education—non specified | 17 (8.9) | |
Antibiotic stewardship (34, 17.8%) | Proper administration of antibiotics | 14 (7.3) |
Give full course of the antibiotics | 6 (3.1) | |
Prompting discussion on use of drugs | 6 (3.1) | |
Ensure quality of drugs | 4 (2.1) | |
Ensure that patients take the drugs | 4 (2.1) | |
Personal practices (20, 10.5%) | Take antibiotics on prescription only | 18 (9.4) |
Personal hygiene | 1 (0.5) | |
Not sharing antibiotics | 1 (0.5) | |
Universal precautions (17, 8.9%) | Practice of universal precautions | 4 (2.1) |
Wearing personal protective equipment | 13 (6.8) | |
Perceived barriers to implement programmes to curb antibiotic resistance | ||
|---|---|---|
Theme | N (%)b | |
Patient behavior related issues | 33 (20.2) | |
Insufficient human resources/manpower | 21 (12.9) | |
Insufficient knowledge—patients and staff | 19 (11.6) | |
Lack of resources and infrastructure (e.g. alcohol hand rub/personal protective equipment) | 16 (9.8) | |
Hospital waste management issues | 14 (8.6) | |
None compliance with hand hygiene guidelines | 14 (8.6) | |
Inability to control antibiotic misuse | 13 (8.0) | |
Over the counter availability and obtaining of antibiotics | 9 (5.5) | |
Practices identified are not practical | ||
Reasons not defined | 2 (1.2) | |
Due to lack of time | 4 (2.4) | |
Improper antibiotic administration (injection) | 3 (1.8) | |
Antibiotic quality related issues | 4 (2.4) | |
Non adherence to sterilization and disinfection protocols | 5 (3.1) | |
Not wearing appropriate personal protective equipment | 3 (1.8) | |
Over-crowding of wards | 2 (1.2) | |
Other | 1 (0.6) | |