Table 3 Antibiotic resistance: phenotypic identification with conventional methods versus genotypic identification with Unyvero ITI application of 72 tissue biopsies from 15 patients with orthopaedic implant-associated infection

Cefoxitin (methicillin resistance screening)

1/13

107

mecA, mecC

Staphylococcus spp.

Ciprofloxacin

2/13

107, 117

–

Corynebacterium spp.

Staphylococcus spp

Erythromycin

1/13

107

ermA, ermC

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Fusidic acid

3/13

105 × 2, 107

–

Staphylococcus spp.

Gentamicin

0/14

aa(6′)aph(2″), aacA4

Corynebacterium spp.

Staphylococcus spp.

Clindamycin

2/15

102, 107

ermA, ermC

All

Chloramphenicol

0/9

–

Finegoldia magna

Propionibacterium acnes

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Linezolid

0/13

–

Corynebacterium spp.

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Meropenem^c

1/14^c

kpc, imp, ndm, oxa-23, oxa-24/40, oxa-48, oxa-58, vim

Finegoldia magna

Propionibacterium acnes

Staphylococcus spp.^c

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Metronidazole

1/1

104

–

Finegoldia magna

Penicillin

11/14

102, 104, 105 × 2, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, 116, 117

–

All

Piperacillin

Tazobactam ^c

1/14^c

–

Finegoldia magna

Propionibacterium acnes

Staphylococcus spp.^c

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Rifampicin

0/13

–

Corynebacterium spp.

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Teicoplanin

0/4

vanA

Finegoldia magna

Propionibacterium acnes

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Tetracycline

0/12

–

Corynebacterium spp.

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole

1/13

107

–

Staphylococcus spp.

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Vancomycin

0/4

vanA, vanB

All

3rd generation cephalosporins^d

1/13^c

CTX-M

Staphylococcus spp.^d

Streptococcus pneumoniae