Table 1 Basic characteristics and dietary intakes of study participants by quartiles of total energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks
Quartiles of total energy-dense nutrient-poor snacks | P trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quartile 1 (n = 155) | Quartile 2 (n = 153) | Quartile 3 (n = 153) | Quartile 4 (n = 153) | ||
Cases (n) | 31 | 28 | 34 | 50 | 0.013 |
Age (year) | 41.68 ± 9.57 | 39.99 ± 9.46 | 38.18 ± 9.35 | 35.84 ± 9.64 | < 0.001 |
Male/female (%) | 46/54 | 51/49 | 42/58 | 57/43 | 0.042 |
Weight (kg) | 78.66 ± 16.17 | 76.47 ± 14.66 | 78.60 ± 15.8 | 81.4 ± 16.47 | 0.071 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.34 ± 5.14 | 27.8 ± 4.64 | 28.59 ± 5.68 | 28.61 ± 6.44 | 0.424 |
Physical activity (MET) | 34.01 ± 3.21 | 34.18 ± 3.17 | 33.93 ± 3 | 33.07 ± 3.12 | 0.007 |
Alcohol (n)* | 6 | 22 | 13 | 21 | 0.006 |
Dietary factors | |||||
Total energy intake (kcal) | 2556.33 ± 764.25 | 2732.64 ± 823.97 | 2895.42 ± 716.03 | 3387.51 ± 974.86 | < 0.001 |
Energy-dense nutrient-poor snack (% energy) | 1.56 ± 0.93 | 3.69 ± 1.62 | 6.14 ± 2.67 | 9.74 ± 5.13 | < 0.001 |
Carbohydrate (% energy) | 57.77 ± 6.84 | 57.89 ± 11.59 | 56.89 ± 7.17 | 55.94 ± 5.65 | 0.027 |
Simple sugar (g) | 132.66 ± 80.9 | 132.61 ± 52.89 | 136.31 ± 48.68 | 159.28 ± 51.56 | < 0.001 |
Dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal) | 16.06 ± 4.76 | 15.83 ± 4.88 | 15.27 ± 5.25 | 13.11 ± 4.08 | < 0.001 |
Total fat (% energy) | 31.67 ± 6.37 | 32.56 ± 5.48 | 33.38 ± 5.62 | 33.48 ± 4.56 | 0.002 |
SFA (% energy) | 7.96 ± 3.19 | 8.77 ± 3.41 | 8.88 ± 3.6 | 8.54 ± 3.39 | 0.126 |
MUFA (% energy) | 10.04 ± 2.16 | 10.56 ± 2.04 | 10.73 ± 1.93 | 10.82 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 |
PUFA (% energy) | 12.1 ± 5.53 | 12.52 ± 6.76 | 12.65 ± 6.23 | 11.69 ± 5.6 | 0.618 |
Protein (% energy) | 14.7 ± 2.82 | 14.57 ± 2.6 | 14.51 ± 2.53 | 14.62 ± 2.64 | 0.763 |