Table 1 Descriptive statistics of demographic, behavioural and biological characteristics by sex
All (n = 145) | Female (n = 104) | Male (n = 41) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic | ||||
Age (years) | 52.6 (7.0) | 52.1 (6.7) | 54.1 (7.5) | 0.1455 |
Marital status (Married/Co-habiting)b | 55.9 (81) | 55.8 (58) | 56.1 (23) | 0.6342 |
Level of education (formal education)b | 95.2 (138) | 95.2 (00) | 95.1 (39) | 0.9966 |
Employed (Yes)b | 26.2 (38) | 26.0 (27) | 26.8 (11) | 0.9148 |
SES Quintile | 3.6 (1.3) | 3.6 (1.3) | 3.5 (1.3) | 0.5496 |
Housing densitya | ||||
People/room | 0.8 (0.8) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.0430 |
People/bedroom | 1.5 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.3 (1.0) | 0.0280 |
Behavioural | ||||
Dieta | ||||
Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/day) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.1 (0.4) | 0.0710 |
Sugar sweetened beverages (servings/day) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.0050 |
Tobacco use (current smoke and/or smokeless; Yes) | 48.3 (70) | 45.2 (47) | 56.1 (23) | 0.2366 |
Alcohol use (current; Yes) | 20.0 (29) | 8.7 (9) | 48.8 (20) | < 0.0001 |
Self-reported physical activitya | ||||
MVPA (minutes/week) | 990 (968) | 1020 (1005) | 840 (1170) | 0.2740 |
Self-reported sleep | ||||
Sleep (hours/night) | 9.2 (1.6) | 9.1 (1.4) | 9.5 (1.8) | 0.1924 |
Weekday sleep (hours/night) | 8.9 (1.7) | 8.7 (1.5) | 9.4 (2.0) | 0.0694 |
Weekend sleep (hours/night) | 9.8 (2.2) | 9.8 (2.3) | 9.7 (1.8) | 0.8137 |
Objectively-measured physical activity | ||||
VM counts/day (x 106) | 2.33 (0.70) | 2.47 (0.63) | 1.99 (0.76) | 0.0007 |
VM counts/minute | 1621 (486) | 1715 (435) | 1383 (530) | 0.0007 |
Steps per day | 14,416 (4637) | 14,140 (3718) | 15,116 (6411) | 0.3645 |
Step cadence (steps/minute) | 10.0 (3.2) | 9.8 (2.6) | 10.5 (4.5) | 0.3652) |
Biological | ||||
Waist circumference (cm) | 90.0 (1.6) | 93.5 (1.6) | 81.2 (10.0) | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.1 (7.8) | 30.6 (7.6) | 21.9 (3.9) | < 0.0001 |
Body mass index categoriesb | ||||
Under- normal weight (< 25 kg/m2) | 37.2 (54) | 24.1 (25) | 70.7 (29) | < 0.0001 |
Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2) | 24.1 (35) | 22.1 (23) | 29.3 (12) | |
Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 38.6 (56) | 53.8 (56) | 0.0 (0) | |
HIV status (Yes)b | 22.1 (32) | 21. (22) | 24.4 (10) | 0.6722 |
Hypertension (Yes)b | 50.3 (73) | 55.8 (58) | 36.6 (15) | 0.0375 |
Diabetes mellitus (Yes)b | 4.1 (6) | 3.8 (4) | 4.9 (2) | 0.5451 |
Parity | – | 4.2 (1.8) | – | |