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Table 3 Estimated marginal means (95% confidence interval) for fractions of total homocysteine, cysteine and glutathione

From: Postprandial effects of a meal low in sulfur amino acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to a meal high in sulfur amino acids and saturated fatty acids on stearoyl CoA-desaturase indices and plasma sulfur amino acids: a pilot study

Metabolite, μmol/L

Group

Baseline

1 h

2 h

3 h

4 h

p for interaction

Homocystine, nmol/L

Cys/Methigh + SFA

21.6 (13.1, 30.2)

30.7 (22.1, 39.2)

24 (15.5, 32.5)

15.5 (6.99, 24)

13.5 (4.92, 22)

0.014

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

15.8 (7.24, 24.3)

19.5 (11.0, 28.0)

17.3 (8.81, 25.9)

14.4 (5.85, 22.9)

12.4 (3.89, 20.9)

Reduced homocysteine, nmol/L

Cys/Methigh + SFA

130 (92.4, 167)

188 (151, 226)

185 (148, 223)

154 (117, 191)

150 (113, 188)

0.014

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

150 (113, 187)

194 (157, 231)

117 (80, 155)

101 (63.8, 138)

97.4 (60.1, 135)

Protein-bound homocysteine

Cys/Methigh + SFA

6.36 (5.01, 7.7)

6.51 (5.16, 7.85)

5.60 (4.25, 6.94)

4.63 (3.29, 5.98)

4.47 (3.12, 5.81)

0.002

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

5.74 (4.4, 7.09)

5.54 (4.2, 6.89)

5.79 (4.44, 7.13)

5.61 (4.26, 6.95)

5.59 (4.25, 6.94)

Unbound homocysteine

Cys/Methigh + SFA

2.25 (1.78, 2.73)

2.73 (2.25, 3.2)

2.67 (2.2, 3.14)

2.46 (1.99, 2.93)

2.24 (1.77, 2.72)

0.001

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

2.23 (1.76, 2.7)

2.04 (1.56, 2.51)

1.95 (1.48, 2.43)

1.80 (1.33, 2.28)

1.80 (1.32, 2.27)

Cystine

Cys/Methigh + SFA

43.1 (37.4, 48.8)

46.9 (41.2, 52.6)

50 (44.3, 55.7)

47.6 (41.9, 53.3)

47.1 (41.4, 52.9)

0.001

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

39.3 (33.6, 45)

41.8 (36, 47.5)

38.4 (32.7, 44.1)

37.3 (31.5, 43)

35.9 (30.2, 41.6)

Reduced cysteine

Cys/Methigh + SFA

9.85 (7.18, 12.5)

12.5 (9.87, 15.2)

16.6 (14, 19.3)

18.5 (15.8, 21.1)

17.4 (14.8, 20.1)

< 0.001

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

10.5 (7.87, 13.2)

11.6 (8.92, 14.2)

8.22 (5.56, 10.9)

7.47 (4.8, 10.1)

7.73 (5.07, 10.4)

Protein-bound cysteine

Cys/Methigh + SFA

107 (88.7, 125)

101 (82.9, 119)

94.8 (76.6, 113)

83.9 (65.7, 102)

87 (68.8, 105)

0.270

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

115 (97.2, 134)

113 (94.8, 131)

113 (95.3, 132)

112 (94.2, 131)

110 (92, 128)

Unbound cysteine

Cys/Methigh + SFA

121 (108, 134)

130 (117, 143)

136 (123, 150)

140 (127, 153)

138 (125, 151)

< 0.001

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

119 (106, 132)

111 (97.5, 124)

105 (91.5, 118)

105 (92.1, 119)

106 (93, 119)

GSSG, nmol/L

Cys/Methigh + SFA

39.9 (28.9, 50.9)

26.9 (15.9, 37.9)

27.4 (16.4, 38.5)

33.1 (22.1, 44.2)

28.6 (17.5, 39.6)

0.098

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

35.7 (24.7, 46.7)

30.4 (19.4, 41.4)

40.8 (29.8, 51.8)

33.1 (22.1, 44.1)

31.2 (20.2, 42.2)

Reduced GSH

Cys/Methigh + SFA

2.76 (2.18, 3.34)

2.71 (2.13, 3.29)

2.47 (1.89, 3.05)

2.48 (1.9, 3.06)

2.36 (1.78, 2.94)

0.814

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

2.58 (2, 3.16)

2.44 (1.86, 3.02)

2.56 (1.98, 3.14)

2.58 (2, 3.16)

2.63 (2.05, 3.21)

Protein-bound GSH

Cys/Methigh + SFA

1.41 (0.14, 2.67)

2.04 (0.78, 3.30)

0.97 (− 0.29, 2.23)

2.04 (0.78, 3.31)

1.48 (0.22, 2.74)

0.875

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

0.337 (− 0.93, 1.6)

1.21 (− 0.05, 2.48)

1.01 (− 0.25, 2.27)

1.44 (0.18, 2.71)

1.01 (− 0.25, 2.28)

Unbound GSH

Cys/Methigh + SFA

4.56 (3.71, 5.41)

3.66 (2.81, 4.51)

3.47 (2.62, 4.32)

3.68 (2.83, 4.53)

3.82 (2.97, 4.67)

0.030

Cys/Metlow + PUFA

3.69 (2.84, 4.54)

4.16 (3.31, 5.01)

4.26 (3.42, 5.11)

3.91 (3.06, 4.76)

4.08 (3.23, 4.93)

  1. Cys/Methigh + SFA, meal with high contents of cysteine, methionine and saturated fatty acids; Cys/Metlow + PUFA, meal with low contents of cysteine and methionine, and high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GSH, glutathione