Table 1 Gait task
Kinematic angles (°) for Gait trial | Intra-tester | Inter-tester | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ICC | 95% CI | Mean | Mean diff | 95% CI | SD diff | 95% LOA | SEM | MDC | ICC | 95% CI | Mean | Mean diff | 95% CI | SD diff | 95% LOA | SEM | MDC | |
Upper thoracic joint | ||||||||||||||||||
Peak right/left side flexion | 0.7 | − 1.1 | 2.2 | − 0.6 | − 2.12–0.99 | 2.5 | − 5.48–4.35 | 1.8 | 4.9 | 0.82 | 0.31–0.98 | 1.9 | 0 | − 1.55–1.54 | 2.5 | − 4.89–4.87 | 1.8 | 4.9 |
Peak internal/external rotation | 0.95 | 0.81–0.99 | 6.1 | -2.1 | − 3.06–1.23 | 1.5 | − 5.03–0.75 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 0.85 | 0.39–0.96 | 5.7 | − 1.3 | − 2.78–0.20 | 2.4 | − 5.99–3.41 | 1.7 | 4.7 |
Peak flexion/extension | 0.99 | 0.97–0.99 | 25.4 | − 0.3 | − 1.06–0.40 | 1.2 | − 2.63–1.98 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.99 | 0.96–0.99 | 25.3 | − 0.1 | − 0.89–0.63 | 1.2 | − 2.53–2.27 | 0.8 | 2.4 |
Lower thoracic joint | ||||||||||||||||||
Peak right/left side flexion | 0.6 | 0.77–0.89 | 1.4 | − 1.63 | − 2.96–− 0.30 | 2.15 | − 5.84–2.58 | 1.5 | 4.2 | 0.55 | − 1.72 | 0.6 | − 0.2 | − 2.00–1.71 | 3.0 | − 6.02–5.72 | 2.1 | 5.9 |
Peak internal/external rotation | 0.83 | 0.32–0.96 | 2.7 | 0.9 | − 0.52–2.23 | 2.2 | − 3.49–5.21 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 0.24 | − 2.86 | 3 | 0.3 | − 0.46–1.10 | 1.3 | − 2.15–2.78 | 0.9 | 2.5 |
Peak flexion/extension | 0.94 | 0.77–0.99 | − 5 | 0.2 | − 2.37–2.68 | 4.1 | − 7.84–8.15 | 2.9 | 8 | 0.96 | 0.84–0.99 | − 5.3 | 0.8 | − 1.47–3.01 | 3.6 | − 6.31–7.86 | 2.5 | 7.1 |
Lumbar | ||||||||||||||||||
Peak right/left side flexion | 0.74 | − 0.99 | 6.7 | 1.3 | − 0.55–3.10 | 2.9 | − 4.50–7.04 | 2.1 | 5.7 | 0.52 | − 1.83 | 6.9 | 0.9 | − 2.15–4.00 | 5.0 | − 8.80–10.64 | 3.5 | 9.8 |
Peak internal/external rotation | 0.61 | − 1.48 | 1.3 | − 0.1 | − 2.52–2.32 | 3.9 | − 7.76–7.55 | 2.8 | 7.6 | 0.76 | 0.02–0.94 | 0.7 | 1.1 | − 0.69–2.92 | 2.9 | − 4.59–6.82 | 2.1 | 5.7 |
Peak flexion/extension | 0.85 | 0.40–0.96 | 3.7 | − 2.2 | − 6.40–2.04 | 6.8 | − 15.51–11.15 | 4.8 | 13.3 | 0.82 | 0.26–0.96 | 3.2 | − 1.2 | − 6.06–3.64 | 7.8 | − 16.54 to14.13 | 5.5 | 15.3 |
Pelvic joint | ||||||||||||||||||
Peak tilt | 0.6 | − 1.71 | 3.2 | 0.7 | − 3.28–4.69 | 6.4 | − 11.90–13.31 | 4.5 | 12.5 | 0.56 | − 1.84 | 12.5 | 0.1 | − 2.06–2.17 | 3.4 | − 6.63–6.74 | 2.4 | 6.7 |
Peak rotation | 0.93 | 0.68–0.98 | 10.2 | − 0.9 | − 2.49–0.74 | 2.6 | − 5.98–4.24 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 0.82 | 0.19–0.96 | 10.9 | − 1.7 | − 4.11–0.67 | 3.9 | − 9.28–5.84 | 2.8 | 7.6 |
Peak obliquity | 0.6 | − 1.79 | 4.5 | − 0.7 | − 2.93–1.59 | 3.7 | − 7.82–6.48 | 2.6 | 7.3 | 0.5 | − 2.18 | 4.1 | − 0.6 | − 3.09–1.83 | 4.0 | − 8.41–7.14 | 2.8 | 7.8 |
Hip joint | ||||||||||||||||||
Peak abduction/adduction | 0.79 | 0.05–0.95 | 7.3 | 0.2 | − 2.11–2.45 | 3.7 | − 7.04–7.38 | 2.6 | 7.3 | 0.77 | 0.01–0.95 | 6.4 | 1.4 | − 1.02–3.76 | 3.9 | − 6.18–8.92 | 2.8 | 7.6 |
Peak internal/external rotation | 0.9 | 0.56–0.98 | 8.7 | 0.8 | − 3.23–4.87 | 6.5 | − 11.98–13.63 | 4.6 | 12.7 | 0.87 | 0.41–0.97 | 6.8 | 3.4 | − 0.82–7.65 | 6.8 | − 9.97–16.8 | 4.8 | 13.3 |
Peak flexion/extension | 0.79 | 0.69–0.95 | 30.4 | 0.7 | − 3.92–5.41 | 7.5 | − 14.00–15.49 | 5.3 | 14.7 | 0.78 | 0.28–0.95 | 29.1 | − 0.7 | − 5.27–3.92 | 7.4 | − 15–13.86 | 5.2 | 14.5 |
Knee joint | ||||||||||||||||||
Peak abduction/adduction | 0.94 | 0.75–0.99 | 5.9 | − 1.1 | − 2.19–0.08 | 1.8 | − 4.64–2.54 | 1.3 | 3.5 | 0.98 | 0.89–0.98 | 5.4 | − 1.1 | − 1.92–0.25 | 1.3 | − 3.7–1.5 | 0.9 | 2.5 |
Peak internal/external rotation | 0.91 | 0.59–0.98 | − 7.2 | − 0.8 | − 5.48–3.96 | 7.5 | − 15.57–13.96 | 5.3 | 14.7 | 0.91 | 0.62–0.98 | − 6.2 | − 1.4 | − 5.46–2.67 | 6.6 | − 14.3–11.5 | 4.7 | 12.9 |
Peak flexion/extension | 0.93 | 0.69–0.98 | 66.6 | 0.1 | − 0.98–1.21 | 1.2 | − 3.34–3.57 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 0.92 | 0.62–0.98 | 67.2 | − 0.9 | − 2.12–0.36 | 2.0 | − 4.79–3.02 | 1.4 | 3.9 |
Ankle joint | ||||||||||||||||||
Peak abduction/adduction | 0.92 | 0.68–0.98 | 12.5 | − 0.8 | − 3.55–2.02 | 4.5 | − 9.57–8.04 | 3.2 | 8.8 | 0.92 | 0.67–0.98 | 12.5 | 0.1 | − 2.06–2.17 | 3.4 | − 6.63–6.74 | 2.4 | 6.7 |
Peak inversion/eversion | 0.96 | 0.82–0.99 | 21.4 | 0.1 | − 1.21–1.31 | 2.1 | − 3.92–4.02 | 1.5 | 4.1 | 0.96 | 0.83–0.99 | 21.8 | 0.3 | − 1.02–1.52 | 2.0 | − 3.75–4.25 | 1.4 | 3.9 |
Peak dorsiflexion/plantarflexion | 0.72 | − 1.19 | 11.8 | − 0.7 | − 2.14–0.71 | 2.3 | − 5.22–3.79 | 1.6 | 4.5 | 0.93 | 0.67–0.98 | 11.8 | − 0.3 | − 1.19–0.55 | 1.4 | − 3.07–2.43 | 1.0 | 2.7 |