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Table 1 Summary of results from various serological surveys conducted in India during 2020–21

From: Estimating the wave 1 and wave 2 infection fatality rates from SARS-CoV-2 in India

Part A: State-level results from serological surveys conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research in 2020–21

Statea

Population

(from 2011 Census)b

Serosurvey Ic

(May–June 2020)

Serosurvey IId

(August–September 2020)

Observed cumulative cases February 7e

(per million)

Observed cumulative deaths February 7e

(per million)

# of people tested

# of positive samples (%)

# of people tested

# of positive samples (%)

Maharashtra

112,374,333

2385

19 (0.80)

2681

348 (12.98)

18,189.84

456.6

Kerala

33,406,061

1193

4 (0.34)

1282

11 (0.86)

28,989.92

115.79

Karnataka

61,095,297

1199

3 (0.25)

1287

186 (14.45)

15,427.01

200.28

Andhra Pradesh

49,577,103

1192

8 (0.67)

1245

352 (28.27)

17,920.03

144.4

Tamil Nadu

72,147,030

1200

16 (1.34)

1259

207 (16.44)

11,667.8

171.64

Uttar Pradesh

199,812,341

3616

15 (0.42)

3628

226 (6.23)

3009.75

43.48

West Bengal

91,276,115

2000

22 (1.10)

2097

219 (10.44)

6259.81

111.83

Odisha

41,974,219

1202

7 (0.58)

1223

294 (24.04)

7995.86

46.74

Rajasthan

68,548,437

1188

8 (0.67)

1212

27 (2.23)

4641.87

40.44

Chattisgarh

25,545,198

1210

4 (0.33)

1199

34 (2.84)

12,038.47

146.45

India

1,210,193,422

28,000

156 (0.56)

29,082

3135 (10.8)

9027.74

128.77

Part B: Results from some other serological surveys conducted in India in 2020–21

Region

Study setting

Study period

# of people tested

% of positive samples

Delhi (Round 1)f

Urban

June–July, 2020

21,387

22.9

Delhi (Round 2)g

Urban

August 1–7, 2020

15,046

28.4

Delhi (Round 3)g

Urban

September 1–7, 2020

17,049

24.1

Delhi (Round 4)g

Urban

October 15–21, 2020

15,015

24.7

Delhi (Round 5)h

Urban

January, 2021

28,000

56.1

Tamil Nadui

Rural and Urban

October–November, 2020

26,640

26.9 (rural areas)

36.9 (urban areas)

Mumbai (Round 1)j

Urban

First half of July, 2020

4234 (slum areas)

2702 (non-slum areas)

57.0 (slum areas)

16.0 (non-slum areas)

Mumbai (Round 2)k

Urban

Last half of August, 2020

3024 (slum areas)

2176 (non-slum areas)

45.2 (slum areas)

17.1 (non-slum areas)

Punel

Urban

July 20–August 5, 2020

1659

51.3

Chennai (Round 1)c

Urban

July 17–28, 2020

12,405

18.4

Chennai (Round 2)c

Urban

October 8–15, 2020

6366

30.1

Indored

Urban

August 11–23, 2020

7100

7.75

Karnatakam

Rural and urban

June 15–August 29, 2020

15,624

44.1 (rural areas)

53.8 (urban areas)

Jammu and Kashmirc

Rural and urban

October, 2020

6230

38.8

Indian

Rural and urban

December 17, 2020–January 8, 2021

(Serosurvey III)

28,589 (general population)

7171 (healthcare workers)

21.4 (adults)

25.3 (children ≥ 10 years)

25.7 (healthcare workers)

  1. aThe first ten states with maximum cumulative COVID-19 cases (as of 31 January 2021) are included in this table
  2. bInformation sourced from Wikipedia. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population)
  3. cThe first national serosurvey conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) began on May 11 and ended on June 4, 2020. A randomly sampled, community-based survey was conducted in 700 villages/wards, selected from the 70 districts of 21 chosen states of India, categorized into four strata based on the incidence of reported COVID-19 cases. Four hundred adults per district were enrolled from 10 clusters with one adult per household. A total of 28,000 adults were enrolled in the survey (Murhekar, Manoj V., et al. "Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: Findings from the national serosurvey, May–June 2020." Indian Journal of Medical Research 152.1 (2020): 48. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_3290_20)
  4. dThe second national serosurvey conducted by the ICMR began on from August 18 and ended on September 20, 2020. A strata-based sampling design similar to that of the first serosurvey (see (b) above) was used. A total of 29,082 individuals aged 10 years or older were enrolled in the survey. (Murhekar, Manoj V., et al. "SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey." The Lancet Global Health (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30544-1)
  5. eAs of February 7, 2021. Information sourced from Coronavirus Outbreak In India—COVID-19 tracker (www.covid19india.org)
  6. fData from media reports (The Hindu. Published online July 22, 2020. https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/percentage-of-people-with-antibodies-high/article32156162.ece)
  7. gData from a preprint on repeated, cross-sectional, multi-stage sampling serosurvey conducted from all districts and wards of Delhi, with two-stage allocation proportional to population size. (Sharma, Nandini, et al. "The seroprevalence and trends of SARS-CoV-2 in Delhi, India: A repeated population-based seroepidemiological study". medRxiv (2021). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.13.20248123)
  8. hData from media reports (Hindustan Times. Published online February 02, 2021. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/delhis-5th-sero-survey-over-56-people-have-antibodies-against-covid19-101612264534349.html)
  9. iData from a preprint on a population-representative serological survey conducted in all districts of Tamil Nadu, India in October–November 2020. (Malani, Anup, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Tamil Nadu in October–November 2020." medRxiv (2021). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.03.21250949)
  10. jData collected by a consortium of government organisations (NITI Aayog and Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai) and research institutes (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and IDFC Institute) (https://www.tifr.res.in/TSN/article/Mumbai-Serosurvey%20Technical%20report-NITI.pdf)
  11. kData collected by a consortium of government organisations (NITI Aayog and Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai) and research institutes (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and IDFC Institute) (https://www.tifr.res.in/TSN/article/Mumbai-Serosurvey%20Technical%20report-NITI_BMC-Round-2%20for%20TIFR%20website.pdf)
  12. lData from a preprint on multi-stage cluster random sampling of participants recruited from Pune sub-wards classified as high incidence settings for a serosurvey. (Ghose, Aurnab, et al. "Community prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and correlates of protective immunity in an Indian metropolitan city". medRxiv (2021). https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.17.20228155)
  13. mData from a research letter on a population-representative serological survey conducted in all districts of Karnataka, India in June 15–August 29 2020 (Mohanan M, Malani A, Krishnan K, Acharya A. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Karnataka, India. JAMA. Published online February 04, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.0332)
  14. nData from media reports (PTI. Published online February 04, 2021. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/over-21-of-indias-population-may-have-had-covid-19-shows-sero-survey-2363166)
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BMC Research Notes

ISSN: 1756-0500

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