Catastrophic health expenditure due to hospitalisation for COVID-19 treatment in India: findings from a primary survey

Table 3 Logistic regression for CHE40 on COVID-19 hospitalisation

	Odds ratio	SE	p value	95% CI
Residence
Rural	1
Urban	1.48	0.76	0.44	0.54	4.07
Age (years)
0–14	1
15–39	1.13	2.01	0.95	0.03	37.20
40–59	0.90	1.58	0.95	0.03	28.36
Above 60	1.30	2.31	0.88	0.04	42.06
Sex
Male	1
Female	3.09	1.36	0.01	1.31	7.30
Education
Not literate	1
Primary	0.79	0.53	0.72	0.21	2.93
High school	0.65	0.47	0.55	0.16	2.70
12th standard	0.83	0.62	0.81	0.19	3.58
Graduation and above	0.21	0.34	0.33	0.01	4.96
Household size
Up to 5 members	1
Above 5 members	0.44	0.18	0.05	0.19	1.00
Per capita household expenditure quintile
Poorest	1
Poor	0.54	0.39	0.39	0.13	2.20
Middle	0.60	0.40	0.45	0.16	2.22
Rich	0.95	0.61	0.93	0.27	3.36
Richest	0.36	0.25	0.14	0.10	1.38
Type of hospital
Public	1
Private	59.77	30.47	0.01	22.00	162.34
Duration of hospitalisation	1.06	0.04	0.14	0.98	1.15
Ventilator
Used	3.74	2.52	0.04	1.00	14.01
Anti-viral injection
Used	2.34	1.05	0.06	0.97	5.64
Oxygen (without ventilator)
Used	2.26	1.09	0.09	0.88	5.82
Private insurance
Insured	0.67	0.31	0.39	0.27	1.68

ISSN: 1756-0500