Unspecified opioids among opioid overdoses in Oslo, Norway

BMC Research Notes

Table 1 Characteristics of overdoses involving unspecified opioids, long-acting opioids, and heroin

	Unspecified opioids	Long-acting opioids	Heroin	p-value for comparison across all three groups	p-value for pairwise comparisons
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)		Unspecified vs. long-acting	Unspecified vs. heroin	Long-acting vs. heroin
Males	369 (80.4)	99 (73.9)	1424 (79.6)	0.24
Age (years)^a,b	39 (33–46)	44 (36–51)	38 (30–46)	< 0.001	0.001	0.013	< 0.001
Observation time (h:min)^a	5:29 (3:49–7:01)	4:54 (2:45–6:48)	4:49 (2:48–6:16)	< 0.001	0.070	< 0.001	0.37
GCS at presentation^a,c	13 (10–14)	14 (13–15)	14 (13–15)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.54
Lowest GCS^a,d	10 (9–13)	13 (11–14)	13 (10–14)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.46
Bradypnoea (RR < 12/min)	80 (17.4)	26 (19.4)	504 (28.2)	< 0.001	0.69	< 0.001	0.036
Tachycardia (HR ≥ 100/min)	51 (11.1)	14 (10.4)	277 (15.5)	0.024	0.95	0.022	0.15
Bradycardia (HR < 50/min)	9 (2.0)	3 (2.2)	45 (2.5)	0.78
Hypertension (BP ≥ 180 mmHg)	2 (0.4)	1 (0.7)	10 (0.6)	0.90
Hypotension (BP ≤ 90 mmHg)	21 (4.6)	5 (3.7)	72 (4.0)	0.85
Hyperthermia (temp ≥ 39.0 °C)	5 (1.1)	1 (0.7)	16 (0.9)	0.91
Hypothermia (temp < 35.0 °C)	66 (14.4)	15 (11.2)	149 (8.3)	< 0.001	0.42	< 0.001	0.33
Naloxone treatment	107 (23.3)	17 (12.7)	540 (30.2)	< 0.001	0.011	0.004	< 0.001
Transferred to hospital	75 (16.3)	25 (18.7)	180 (10.1)	< 0.001	0.62	< 0.001	0.003
Total	459 (100)	134 (100)	1788 (100)

BP blood pressure, GCS Glasgow coma scale score, HR heart rate, RR respiratory rate, temp temperature
^aMedian (interquartile range)
^bMissing data for 89 cases (unspecified 49, long-acting 3, heroin 37)
^cMissing data for 7 cases (unspecified 1, heroin 6)
^dMissing data for 401 cases (unspecified 26, long-acting 26, heroin 349)

ISSN: 1756-0500