Fig. 2

In vitro bone nodule formation in 3D dense collagen scaffolds. a Mineral deposition at day 5, Scale bar = 500 μm. b Osteoblast clusters and mineral and bone nodule deposition at day 8, Scale bar = 500 μm. c Bone nodule formation at day 8, Scale bar = 100 μm. Alizarin red stained 3D dense collagen scaffolds at d day 5 and e day 8. f Alizarin red stained 3D dense collagen scaffolds at day 8, Scale bar = 25 μm. g Percentage change in stiffness (%) at day 1, 5, and 8. Expression of h ALPL, and i E11 at days 1, 5, and 8. One-Way ANOVA, Dunnet’s Post Hoc; p-values 0.05< *, 0.005<**, 0.005<*** and 0.00005<****