Fig. 1

Histopathology of the colon. Histologic examination of T1 (a) showed no erosive lesions or extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon tissue (100 × magnifications). Very few immune cells were observed in this group (d) (400 × magnifications). The histologic examination of the T3 group showed no erosive lesions and no extensive inflammatory cell infiltration in the colon tissue (c) (100 × magnifications); however, more immune cells were observed (f) (400-fold magnification). Although the colon tissue of the colitis rat obtained probiotics showed some inflammatory lesions, the severity of inflammation was less than that in the DSS rat (b and e). (yellow arrow: discontinued villus; black arrow: intact villus, red arrow: macrophage; green arrow: neutrophil; blue arrow: lymphocyte)