Table 2 Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results and McKelvey and Zavoina’s R², Flash Eurobarometer 494: Attitudes on vaccination against COVID-19 (July 2021)

Individual (pseudo-R² = 0.108)

Gender

Male

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

Female

1.16**

(1.09–1.24)

1.05

(0.96–1.14)

1.07

(0.98–1.16)

1.07

(0.98–1.17)

1.08

(0.99–1.18)

1.19**

(1.12–1.26)

Age (years)

65+

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

40–64

2.77**

(2.46–3.11)

2.24**

(1.91–2.62)

2.10**

(1.78–2.47)

2.10**

(1.79–2.47)

2.09**

(1.77–2.47)

2.66**

(2.41–2.93)

21–39

5.73**

(5.07–6.46)

4.12**

(3.51–4.85)

3.76**

(3.16–4.46)

3.76**

(3.17–4.46)

3.75**

(1.77–2.47)

5.40**

(4.90–5.95)

Age when stopped full-time education

20+

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

16–19

1.27**

(1.18–1.36)

1.16**

(1.05–1.27)

1.16**

(1.05–1.27)

1.16*

(1.05–1.28)

1.19**

(1.08–1.32)

1.16**

(1.09–1.24)

Up to 15

1.16

(0.97–1.40)

1.17

(0.91–1.51)

1.10

(0.84–1.44)

1.11

(0.85–1.45)

1.33

(1.01–1.74)

0.92

(0.77–1.08)

Still studying

0.91

(0.81–1.02)

0.98

(0.84–1.14)

0.93

(0.79–1.10)

0.93

(0.79–1.10)

0.98

(0.83–1.16)

1.34**

(1.20–1.49)

Occupation

Unemployed

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

Employee

0.90*

(0.83–0.98)

0.87*

(0.77-0-97)

0.83**

(0.74-0-94)

0.83**

(0.73–0.93)

0.83**

(0.74–0.94)

1.46**

(1.37–1.57)

Self-employed

1.28**

(1.14–1.43)

1.15

(0.99–1.33)

1.13

(0.97–1.32)

1.13

(0.97–1.32)

1.05

(0.89–1.23)

1.80**

(1.63–1.98)

Manual worker

1.66**

(1.43–1.91)

1.53**

(1.26–1.86)

1.43**

(1.17–1.76)

1.43**

(1.16–1.75)

1.26*

(1.02–1.55)

2.93**

(2.59–3.33)

Beliefs (pseudo-R² = 0.423)

Benefits/safety

Agree

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

Disagree

6.11**

(5.48–6.81)

6.38**

(5.70–7.15)

6.40**

(5.71–7.17)

6.33**

(5.64–7.11)

15.49**

(14.23–16.86)

Efficacy

Agree

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

Disagree

2.38**

(2.81–2.60)

2.33**

(2.13–2.56)

2.33**

(2.12–2.55)

2.34**

(2.13–2.57)

4.68**

(4.38–4.99)

Subjective norm

Agree

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

Disagree

4.99**

(4.57–5.46)

5.00**

(4.56–5.49)

5.01**

(4.57–5.50)

4.70**

(4.27–5.18)

11.53**

(10.77–12.33)

Relationship (R² = 0.026)

# of adults in a household

1

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

2

1.00

(0.89–1.11)

1.00

(0.90–1.12)

0.98

(0.87–1.10)

0.95

(0.89–1.03)

3+

1.15*

(1.02–1.30)

1.16*

(1.03–1.30)

1.04

(0.92–1.17)

1.23**

(1.14–1.33)

M1

M2

M3

M4

M5

Unadjusted OR

# of children in a household

0

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

1

1.28**

(1.16–1.42)

1.28**

(1.16–1.42)

1.22**

(1.11–1.35)

1.81 **

(1.70–1.93)

2+

1.55**

(1.20–2.01)

1.56**

(1.21–2.03)

1.65**

(1.27–2.14)

2.05**

(1.72–2.45)

Community (pseudo-R² = 0.001)

Residence

Large city

(ref)

(ref)

(ref)

Small town

1.03

(0.93–1.14)

1.16**

(1.05–1.29)

1.10*

(1.03–1.17)

Rural area

0.91

(0.81–1.029

1.12

(1.00-1.27)

1.07

(0.99–1.15)

Societal (pseudo-R² = 0.074)

GNI

Above EU average

(ref)

(ref)

Below EU average

1.23**

(1.05–1.43)

1.90**

(1.78 − 0.02)

Religion

Unspecified

(ref)

(ref)

Protestant

1.44**

(1.21–1.70)

1.10

(1.00-1.22)

Catholic

1.10

(0.97–1.26)

1.09*

(1.00-1.18)

Orthodox

2.69**

(2.22–3.29)

2.40**

(2.15–2.69)

Political spectrum

Right

(ref)

(ref)

Centre-right

0.91

(0.80–1.04)

1.10

(1.02–1.18)

Centre-left

1.02

(0.90–1.16)

1.14**

(1.06–1.23)

Region

Western Europe

(ref)

(ref)

Eastern Europe

1.55**

(1.36–1.77)

2.30**

(2.17–2.44)

Accumulated R2

-

0.465

0.470

0.471

0.495

-

AIC

1.179

0.820

0.806

0.806

0.789

-

N Observations

19,583

16,899

16,128

16,128

16,128

-